Module 1: CHARACTERISTICS OF RUMINANTS

Question 1

Example of Ruminant Animals

Answer 1

Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Buffalo, Deer, elk, giraffes and camels

Question 2

have a digestive system that is uniquely different from our own. instead of one compartment to the stomach they have four.

Answer 2

Ruminants

Question 3

the largest section and the main digestive center.

Answer 3

rumen

Question 4

filled with billions of tiny microorganisms that are able to break down grass and other coarse vegetation that animals with one stomach cannot digest.

Answer 4

rumen

Question 5

do not completely chew the grass or vegetation they eat.

Answer 5

ruminant animals

Question 6

the partially chewed grass goes into the large rumen where it is stored and broken down into balls of what?

Answer 6

cud

Question 7

three compartments

Answer 7

reticulum, omasum and abomasum

Question 8

three compartments

Answer 8

reticulum, omasum and abomasum

Question 9

also known as the true stomach

Answer 9

abomasum

Question 10

have a four-part stomach when they are born.

Answer 10

dairy calves

Question 11

at birth, the first three compartments of a calf’s stomach that are inactive and undeveloped

Answer 11

rumen, reticulum and omasum

Question 12

constitutes nearly 60 percent of the young calf’s stomach, decreasing to about 8 percent in the mature cow.

Answer 12

abomasum

Question 13

comprises about 25 percent of the young calf’s stomach, increasing to 80 percent in the mature cow.

Answer 13

rumen

Question 14

have the ability to convert these and residues into high quality protein in the form of meat and milk.

Answer 14

ruminants

Question 15

Ruminant livestock include;

Answer 15

cattle, sheep, and goats

Question 16

hoofed mammals that have a unique digestive system that allows them to better use energy use energy from fibrous plant material than other herbivores.

Answer 16

Ruminants

Question 17

the ruminant digestive system uniquely qualifies ruminants to efficiently use high roughage feedstuffs including;

Answer 17

forages

Question 18

Anatomy of the ruminant digestive system includes the;

Answer 18

mouth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, four-compartment stomach, pancreas, gall bladder, small intestine, and large interstine.

Question 19

contain for enzymes for breakdown of fat (salivary lipase) and starch (salivary amylase), and is involved in nitrogen recycling to the rumen.

Answer 19

saliva aids

Question 20

forages and feeds mix with saliva containing;

Answer 20

sodium, potassium, phosphate, bicarbonate and urea

Question 21

tube-like passage

Answer 21

esophagus

Question 22

true ruminants animals;

Answer 22

cattle, sheep, goats, deer, and antelope

Question 23

4 compartments of stomach

Answer 23

rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum

Question 24

the rumen and reticulum are considered one organ because they have similar functions and are separated only by a small muscular fold of tissue called;

Answer 24

reticulorumen

Question 25

home to a population of microorganisms (microbes or “rumen bugs”) that include bacteria, protozoa, and fungi.

Answer 25

reticulorumen

Question 26

these microbes ferment and breakdown plant cell walls into their carbohydrate fractions and produce volatile fatty acids such as;

Answer 26

ACETATE (for fat synthesis), PROPIONATE (for glucose synthesis), BUTYRATE (for carbohydrates

Question 27

called the “honeycomb” because of the honeycomb appearance of its lining.

Answer 27

reticulum

Question 28

main function of reticulum;

Answer 28

-to collect small digesta particles and move them into the omasum
-collects heavy/dense objects the animal consumes.

Question 29

sometimes referred to as the “hardware stomach”.

Answer 29

reticulum

Question 30

sometimes called the “paunch”. it is lines with papillae for nutrient absorption and divided by muscular pillars

Answer 30

rumen

Question 31

acts as a fermentation vat by hosting microbial fermentation

Answer 31

rumen

Question 32

is spherical and connected to the reticulum by a short tunnel. and it called the “many plies” or the “butcher’s bible” in reference to the many folds or leaves that resembles pages of a book.

Answer 32

omasum

Question 33

the abomasum produces hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes

Answer 33

pepsi (breaks down protein)

Question 34

the abomasum receives enzymes secreted from the pancreas, such as;

Answer 34

pancreatic lipase (break down fats)

Question 35

the intestinal wall contains numerous “finger-like” projections called;

Answer 35

villi

Question 36

absorbs water from material passing through it and then excretes the remaining material as feces from the rectum.

Answer 36

large interstine

Question 37

a large blind pouch at the beginning of the large intestine.

Answer 37

cecum

Question 38

is the site of most of the water absorption in the large intestine.

Answer 38

colon

Question 39

such as young, growing calves from birth to about 2 to 3 months of age, are functionally nonruminants.

Answer 39

immature ruminants

Question 40

sometimes referred to as esophageal groove in these young animals is formed by muscular folds of the of the reticulum.

Answer 40

reticular groove

Question 41

the rumen in these animals must be inoculated with rumen microorganism, including;

Answer 41

bacteria, protozoa and fungi.

Question 42

feeding recommended immature ruminants are not allowed access to feeds containing non-protein nitrogen such as;

Answer 42

urea

Question 43

ruminants are also useful in converting vast renewable resources from pasture into other products for human use such;

Answer 43

hides, fertilizer, and other inedible products such as horns and bone.