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ISCI 360 > Module 8: Climate Change Communication > Flashcards

Module 8: Climate Change Communication Flashcards

1
Q

how stable are people’s opinions (2)

A
  • they are not very stable
  • heavily influenced by minor changes on how information is presented to them
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2
Q

message framing

A
  • variations in presentation of an issue can produce changes in opinions
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3
Q

message framing: beef example (2)

A
  • 75% lean beef rated as more tasty, less greasy, and more positive
  • 25% fat beef rated as less tasty, greasier, and more negative
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4
Q

equivalence framing (2)

A
  • when both messages are statistically the same, but different statistics/framing is used
  • frames SHOULD elicit same reaction, but different frames can change view
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5
Q

equivalence framing: medical procedure examples (2)

A
  • 90% survival rate rated as more positive
  • 10% mortality rate rated as more negative
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6
Q

equivalence framing: carbon tax example (2)

A
  • support for carbon OFFSET was rated positively by democrats, independents, and republicans
  • support for carbon TAX was rated positive by democrats, but negative by independents and republicans
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7
Q

issue framing

A
  • selection of certain aspects of an issue and makes them more prominent in order to elicit certain interpretations and evaluations of the issue
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8
Q

issue framing: should a hate group be allowed to organize a political rally (2)

A
  • given important of free speech elicited more support
  • given the risk of violence elicited less support
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9
Q

issue framing: sustainability (2)

A
  • environment frame is used too much
  • need new frames to elicit positive responses from different groups, such as social issues or environmental justice
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10
Q

different issue frames for climate change (3)

A
  • health
  • negative and positive frames
  • national security
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11
Q

issue framing: negative framing

A
  • effective at bringing attention to issues
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12
Q

issue framing: positive framing

A
  • effective on actual climate change action/mitigation
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13
Q

Global Warming Six Americas (2)

A
  • groups the audience we are communicating with about climate change into 6 distinct groups
  • based on their thoughts on climate change
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14
Q

Global Warming Six Americas
- types listed in order from highest to lowest belief (6)

A
  • alarmed
  • concerned
  • cautious
  • disengaged
  • doubtful
  • dismissive
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15
Q

Global Warming Six Americas: Alarmed (3)

A
  • highest belief
  • most concerned
  • most motivated
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16
Q

Global Warming Six Americas: Dismissive (3)

A
  • lowest belief
  • least concerned
  • least motivated
17
Q

Global Warming Six Americas: order of cohorts in America (6)

A
  • alarmed
  • concerned
  • cautious
  • doubtful
  • dismissive
  • disengaged
18
Q

how has the proportion of the Global Warming Six Americas changed over time (2)

A
  • portion of deniers is decreasing
  • concerned and cautious people are beginning to become alarmed
19
Q

in general, rank the framings that incite the most hope from highest to lowest (3)

A
  • public health frame
  • environment frame
  • national security frame
20
Q

in general, rank the framings that incite the most anger from highest to lowest (3)

A
  • national security frame
  • environment frame
  • health frame
21
Q

why must we be aware of the audience we are targeting when considering frames to employ (example) (2)

A
  • national security frame makes deny-ers incredibly angry
  • useful to know that this frame should specifically NOT be employed when communicating with them about climate change
22
Q

framing to the alarmed and concerned (2)

A
  • focus on SOLUTIONS to avoid greater feelings of fear and helplessness
  • move BEYOND INDIVIDUAL ACTION and towards collective/group action
23
Q

framing to deniers (2)

A
  • avoid talking about climate change directly and use related topics instead (green economy)
  • focus on how mitigation efforts can promote a better society, rather than focusing on reality of climate change
24
Q

deniers had greater behavioral intention when they believed mitigation would: (3)

A
  • increase societal well-being
  • increase economic and technological development
  • suggest solutions consistent with individualistic values
25
Q

which messages increase motivation for climate change adaptation most in dismissive audience (2)

A
  • no mention of climate change
  • emphasize local impacts
26
Q

which messages increase motivation for climate change adaptation for all audiences (2)

A
  • strong negative emotive content
  • provide specific advice
27
Q

what are some advantages of using fear in communicating climate change (4)

A
  • attract audience attention
  • increase concern and importance of topic
  • influence attitudes and behavioral intention (temporarily)
  • works better with people that have high self-efficacy (goal-motivated)
28
Q

what are some downsides of using fear in communicating climate change (4)

A
  • ineffective for generating real long-term engagement and action
  • can paralyze or desensitize people (emotional numbness)
  • some may use denial strategies to suppress anxiety
  • does not work for the concerned/alarmed
29
Q

what is the consensus about using fear for communicating climate change (3)

A
  • may be good in early stages to attract attention
  • not the most effective for long-term engagement
  • do not overuse it
30
Q

what are some advantages of using hope in communicating climate change (3)

A
  • powerful tool for change
  • move beyond ‘doom and gloom’
  • encourage sense of agency and reduce feelings of despair
31
Q

what is the disadvantages of using hope in communicating climate change

A
  • too much can reduce concern
32
Q

what is the consensus regarding using hope in climate change communication

A
  • must balance between highlighting threat, but avoiding despair
33
Q

how is hope used to communicate climate change (4)

A
  • promote more active hope
  • realistic goals
  • imaginable paths
  • meaningful role for the individual in a collective response
34
Q

key points of the module (2)

A
  • message framing can influence public opinion
  • effects vary depending on the frame and the audience (eg. Six Americas)
35
Q

tips for developing more effective climate change messages (8)

A
  • local and relevant to the individual’s community
  • focus on the present
  • simple and easy-to-understand messages with less cognitive effort
  • highlight effective actions others are taking
  • emphasize the power of collective action
  • emphasize co-benefits of mitigation (e.g. health, safety) rather than sacrifice
  • appeal to people’s values (e.g. well-being of others)
  • avoid overusing emotional appeals

ISCI 360 (11 decks)

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