Module 6: Carbon Emissions/Shipping Industry Flashcards
design thinking (2)
- a process for solving problems by prioritizing the consumer’s needs above all else
- no interest on sustainability or costs
what are the pillars of design thinking (3)
- business (viability)
- people (desirability)
- technology (feasibility)
what is the history of a retail product (5)
- manufacturing
- freight/shipping
- warehouse
- distribution/delivery
- retail
why is it so common to use cargo ships for the fright/shipping of products
- cheapest form of transport for bulk amounts of things
how much of global trade is moved by shipping
- 80% of global trade
what are the maritime transportation emissions (3)
- 3% of global CO2 emissions
- 15% of global NOx emissions
- 13% of global SOx emission
how are the carbon emissions of maritime transportation suppose to change
- from 3% to 17% of CO2 emissions by 2050
sources of air pollutants, GHG emissions, soil pollution, and water pollution (3)
- residential
- industrial
- transportation
characteristics of air pollutants
- location dependent
- short term impact
characteristics of GHG emissions
- not location dependent
- long term impact
is CO2 a GHG emission or an air pollutant?
- GHG emission
what are the effects of air pollutants (4)
- human health
- property
- crop yield losses
- acidification
what are the effects of GHG emissions (2)
- global warming
- climate change
standard unit of measurement for oil weight (2)
- API gravity
- measures oil density
heavy oil (3)
- evaporates slowly
- contains material that will be used to make heavy products
- lower API
light oil (3)
- requires less processing
- produces greater percentage of gasoline and diesel
- higher API
what kind of oil do cargo ships use (2)
- use heavy fuel for mobility
- often leftover oil from processing/refining of other oils
why do cargo ships use heavy oil (2)
- the oil is crude, not refined, and unwanted
- it is very cheap to purchase
what must be done for the heavy oil to be used in ships (2)
- it must be heated up to move from refinery into ships
- it must be heated up to be used as fuel
why are heavy oil spills so dangerous (3)
- so dense that it can act as a blanket on top of the ocean water during spills
- aquatic organisms cannot escape the water due density
- more toxic than light oil
regulations on Antarctic waters (3)
- protected by stringent regulations
- ban on heavy oil fuel
- no cargo moves through the turbulent southern waters
regulations on Arctic waters (3)
- looser regulations than on Antarctic waters
- UN approved a ban on the use of heavy fuel oil and its carriage for use by ships in Arctic waters in 2024
- complete ban effective in 2029 due to series of exemptions and waivers
why is an oil spill in arctic waters especially problematic (3)
- capacity for rapid spill response is limited due to limited marine traffic and infrastructure
- lots of cold and ice in marine environment
- complex and fragile environment
who does the ban on heavy fuel oils in the Arctic impact the most? (2)
- socio-economic impacts on Arctic communities (many Indigenous and Inuit communities in Canada)
- increase shipping costs for mining operations in the Canadian Arctic and grain