Module 8 - AKI Flashcards
The most common reasons for initiating dialysis in acute kidney injury include which of the following (select all that apply)?
Uremia
Acidosis
Hyperkalemia
Volume overload
Hypokalemia
Uremia
Acidosis
Hyperkalemia
Volume overload
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) differs from conventional intermittent hemodialysis in that
it does not allow diffusion to occur.
it provides faster removal of solute and water.
the process removes solutes and water slowly.
a hemofilter is used to facilitate ultrafiltration.
the process removes solutes and water slowly
Acute kidney injury from postrenal etiology is caused by
obstruction of the flow of urine.
conditions that interfere with renal perfusion.
hypovolemia or decreased cardiac output.
conditions that act directly on functioning kidney tissue.
obstruction of the flow of urine.
The most common cause of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients is
sepsis.
medications.
hemodynamic instability.
fluid overload.
Sepsis
A nurse is caring for a client with acute kidney injury who is being treated with hemodialysis. The client asks if they will need dialysis for the rest of their life. Which of the following would be the best response?
“You will know for sure if you start urinating a lot all at once.”
“Kidney function usually returns within 2 weeks.”
“Unfortunately, kidney injury is not reversible; it is permanent.”
“Recovery is possible, but it may take several months.”
“Recovery is possible, but it may take several months.”
A client is diagnosed with acute kidney injury and has been getting dialysis 3 days per week. The client complains of general malaise and is tachypneic. An arterial blood gas shows that the patient’s pH is 7.19, with a PCO2 of 30 mm Hg and a bicarbonate level of 13 mEq/L. A nurse prepares to
prepare for intubation and mechanical ventilation.
cancel tomorrow’s dialysis session.
administer intravenous sodium bicarbonate.
administer morphine to slow the respiratory
administer intravenous sodium bicarbonate.
Daily weights are being recorded for the client with a urine output that has been less than the intravenous and oral intake. The weight yesterday was 97.5 kg. This morning it is 99 kg. A nurse understands that this corresponds to a(n)
fluid retention of 1.5 liters.
equal intake and output due to insensible losses.
fluid loss of 0.5 liters.
fluid loss of 1.5 liters.
fluid retention of 1.5 liters.
Noninvasive diagnostic procedures used to determine kidney function include which of the following (select all that apply)?
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) x-ray
Intravenous pyelography (IVP)
Renal angiography
Renal ultrasound
MRI
KUB
Ultrasound
Peritoneal dialysis is different from hemodialysis in that peritoneal dialysis:
is more frequently used for acute kidney injury.
uses the patient’s own semipermeable membrane (peritoneal membrane).
is not indicated in cases of water intoxication.
is not useful in cases of drug overdose or electrolyte imbalance.
uses the patient’s own semipermeable membrane (peritoneal membrane).
A client has elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels with a normal BUN/creatinine ratio. These levels most likely indicate:
increased nitrogen intake.
hypovolemia.
acute kidney injury, such as acute tubular necrosis (ATN).
fluid resuscitation.
acute kidney injury, such as acute tubular necrosis (ATN).
A client is on intake and output (I&O), as well as daily weights. A nurse notes that output is considerably less than intake over the last shift, and daily weight is 1 kg more than yesterday. What would be a priority action of the nurse?
Assess the client’s lungs
Obtain an order to place the client on fluid restriction
Draw a trough level after the next dose of antibiotic
Insert an indwelling catheter
Assess the clients lungs
A nurse is caring for a client who has sustained blunt trauma to the left flank area and is evaluating the client’s urinalysis results. What finding would be most concerning for the nurse?
Urine uric acid levels similar to serum levels
Red blood cells and albumin in the urine
Sodium and chloride in the urine
Creatinine levels in the urine similar to blood levels of creatinine
Red blood cells and albumin in the urine
Renin plays a role in blood pressure regulation by:
decreasing sodium reabsorption.
suppressing angiotensin production.
inhibiting aldosterone release
activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade.
activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade.
A client is admitted with complaints of general malaise and fatigue, along with a decreased urinary output. The client’s urinalysis shows coarse, muddy brown granular casts and hematuria. The nurse determines that the client has:
acute kidney injury from postrenal obstruction.
acute kidney injury from a prerenal condition.
a urinary tract infection.
intrarenal disease, probably acute tubular necrosis.
intrarenal disease
