Burns and Trauma Flashcards
Which of the following interventions is a strategy to prevent fat embolism syndrome?
Stabilize extremity fractures early.
Provide prophylaxis with low–molecular weight heparin.
Administer lipid-lowering statin medications.
Intubate the patient early after the injury to provide mechanical ventilation
Stabilize extremity fractures early
A nurse is caring for a client in the ED following a fall from a first-floor hotel balcony. The client smells of alcohol and begins to vomit in the ED. What is a priority intervention by the nurse?
Offer the patient an emesis basin so that you can measure the amount of emesis.
Prepare to suction the oropharynx while maintaining cervical spine immobilization.
Send a specimen of the emesis to the laboratory for analysis of blood alcohol content.
Insert an oral airway to prevent aspiration and to protect the airway.
Prepare to suction the oropharynx while maintaining cervical spine immobilization.
It is important to prevent hypothermia in the trauma client because hypothermia is associated with which of the following (select all that apply)?
Dysrhythmias
ARDS
Myocardial dysfunction
Coagulopathies
Fat embolism
Dysrhythmias
Myocardial Dysfunction
Coagulopathies
A nurse working in a trauma center administers blood products to a severely hemorrhaging trauma client in a 1:1:1 ratio. Which blood products are NOT included in this transfusion protocol?
Plasma
Whole blood
Platelets
Red blood cells
Whole Blood
A 24-year-old unrestrained driver who sustained multiple traumatic injuries from a motor vehicle crash has a blood pressure of 80/60 mm Hg at the scene. The primary survey of this client upon arrival to the ED __________.
involves turning the client from side to side to get a look at their back
is done quickly in the first few minutes to get a baseline assessment and establish priorities
is a methodical head-to-toe assessment identifying injuries and treatment priorities
includes a cervical spine x-ray study to determine the presence of a fracture
is done quickly in the first few minutes to get a baseline assessment and establish priorities
A nurse is having difficulty inserting a large caliber intravenous catheter to facilitate fluid resuscitation to a trauma client with hypotension. The nurse recommends which of the following emergency procedures to facilitate rapid fluid administration?
Insertion of a femoral catheter by a trauma surgeon
Rapid transfer to the operating room
Placement of a central line
Placement of an intraosseous catheter
Placement of an intraosseous catheter
Clients with musculoskeletal injury are at increased risk for compartment syndrome. What is an initial symptom of a suspected compartment syndrome?
Absence of pulse in affected extremity
Pallor in the affected area
Paresthesia in the affected area
Severe, throbbing pain in the affected area
Severe throbbing pain in the affected area
A nurse is caring for a client who sustained rib fractures after hitting the steering wheel of the car during a motor vehicle crash. The client is spontaneously breathing and receiving oxygen via a face mask; the oxygen saturation is 95%. During the nurse’s assessment, the oxygen saturation drops to 80%. The client’s blood pressure has dropped from 128/76 mm Hg to 84/60 mm Hg. The nurse determines that breath sounds are absent throughout the left lung fields. What would the nurse anticipate?
Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation
Chest x-ray study to determine the etiology of the symptoms
Administration of Lactated Ringer’s solution (1 L) wide open
Needle thoracostomy and chest tube insertion
Needle thoracostomy and chest tube insertion
Which of the following statements about mass casualty triage during a disaster is true?
Priority treatments and interventions focus primarily on young victims.
Disaster victims with the greatest chances for survival receive priority for treatment.
Color-coded systems in which green indicates the patient of greatest need are used during disasters.
Once interventions have been initiated, health care providers cannot stop the treatment of disaster victims.
Disaster victims with the greatest chances for survival receive priority for treatment.
A nurse is caring for a client who sustained multiple traumas. The nurse knows that symptoms of decreased cardiac output are most commonly caused by:
Pericardial tamponade
Cardiac contusion
Cardiogenic shock
Hypovolemia
Hypovolemia
In clients with extensive burns, edema occurs in both burned and unburned areas because of ____________.
decreased glomerular filtration
loss of integument barrier
increased capillary permeability
catecholamine-induced vasoconstriction
increased capillary permeability
A nurse is caring for a burn-injured client who weighs 154 pounds with the burn injury covering 50% of their body surface area. The nurse calculates the fluid needs for the first 24 hours after a burn injury using a standard fluid resuscitation formula of 4 mL/kg/% burn of intravenous (IV) fluid for the first 24 hours. The nurse plans to administer what amount of fluid in the first 24 hours?
28 L
7000 mL
14 L
2800 mL
14L
A nurse notices singed hairs in the nose of a client who sustained a significant burn. The nurse knows the client should be intubated for what reason?
The patient will have a copious amount of mucus that will need to be suctioned.
The singed hairs and soot in the nostrils will cause dysfunction of cilia in the airways.
Carbon monoxide poisoning always occurs when soot is visible.
Inhalation injury above the glottis may cause significant edema that obstructs the airway.
Inhalation injury above the glottis may cause significant edema that obstructs the airway.
A nurse is assisting a client to select foods from the menu that will promote wound healing. Which statement indicates the nurse’s knowledge of nutritional goals?
“It is important to choose foods such as bread and pasta that are high in carbohydrates. These foods will give you energy and help you to heal faster.”
“Avoid foods that have saturated fats. Fats interfere with the ability of the burn wound to heal.”
“Choose foods that are high in protein, such as meat, eggs, and beans. These help the burns to heal.”
“Select foods that have lots of fiber, such as whole grains and fruits. These will promote removal of toxins from the body that interfere with healing.”
“Choose foods that are high in protein, such as meat, eggs, and beans. These help the burns to heal.”
A nurse is conducting an admission assessment of an 82-year-old client who sustained a 12% burn from spilling hot coffee on the hand and arm. Which is a priority statement by the nurse?
“Do you have a heart condition or heart failure?”
“Have you had any surgeries?”
“Do you have any drug or food allergies?”
“Do you live alone?”
“Do you have a heart condition or heart failure?”
