Module 7 - Respiratory Flashcards
A strategy for preventing pulmonary embolism in patients at risk who cannot take anticoagulants is
subcutaneous heparin administration every 12 hours
infusion of thrombolytics
insertion of a vena cava filter
administration of two aspirin tablets every 4 hours
insertion of a vena cava filter
The etiology of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is related to damage to the
mainstem bronchus.
left ventricle.
alveolar-capillary membrane.
trachea.
alveolar-capillary membrane.
Which of the following are physiological effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) used in the treatment of ARDS (select all that apply)?
Increases functional residual capacity
Prevents collapse of unstable alveoli
Improves arterial oxygenation
Improves carbon dioxide retention
Opens collapsed alveoli
Increases functional residual capacity
Prevents collapse of unstable alveoli
Improves arterial oxygenation
Opens collapsed alveoli
Which of the following treatments may be used to dissolve a thrombus that is lodged in the pulmonary artery?
Embolectomy
Aspirin
Thrombolytics
Heparin
Thrombolytics
The patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) would exhibit which of the following symptoms?
Increased lung compliance with increased FiO2 administration
Respiratory acidosis associated with hyperventilation
Elevated alveolar surfactant levels
Decreasing PaO2 levels despite increased FiO2 administration
Decreasing PaO2 levels despite increased FiO2 administration
When fluid is present in the alveoli,
the patient is in heart failure.
alveoli collapse, and atelectasis occurs.
hypoventilation occurs.
diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide is impaired.
diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide is impaired.
The nurse is caring for a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome who is hypoxemic despite mechanical ventilation. The provider prescribes a nontraditional ventilator mode as part of treatment. Despite sedation and analgesia, the patient remains restless and appears to be in discomfort. The nurse informs the provider of this assessment and anticipates an order for
guided imagery.
neuromuscular blockade.
continuous lateral rotation therapy.
prone positioning.
neuromuscular blockade.
During rounds, the provider alerts the team that proning is being considered for a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The nurse understands that proning is
used to provide continuous lateral rotational turning.
possible with minimal help from coworkers.
an optional treatment to improve ventilation.
less of a risk for skin breakdown because the patient is face down.
an optional treatment to improve ventilation.
A patient at high risk for pulmonary embolism is receiving enoxaparin. The nurse explains to the patient:
“This medication will dissolve any blood clots you might get.”
“You should not be receiving this medication. I will contact the provider to get it stopped.”
“I’m going to contact the pharmacist to see if you can take this medication by mouth.”
“This injection is being given to prevent blood clots from forming.”
“This injection is being given to prevent blood clots from forming.”
The nurse calculates the PaO2/FiO2 ratio for the following values: PaO2 is 78 mm Hg; FiO2 is 0.6 (60%) and determines it to be:
468; normal lung function
46.8; meets criteria for ARDS
Not enough data to compute the ratio
130; meets criteria for ARDS
130; meets criteria for ARDS
Which of the following acid-base disturbances commonly occurs with the hyperventilation and impaired gas exchange seen in severe exacerbation of emphysema?
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory Acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory Acidosis
You are caring for a patient who is being turned prone as part of treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome. You understand that the priority nursing concern for this patient is which of the following?
Prevention of skin breakdown and nerve damage
Management and protection of the airway
Psychological support to patient and family
Prevention of gastric aspiration
Management and protection of the airway
The nurse is caring for a patient with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. The nurse understands that the most common cause of a pulmonary embolus is
deep vein thrombosis from lower extremities
vegetation that dislodges from an infected central venous catheter
amniotic fluid embolus
fat embolus from a long bone fracture
deep vein thrombosis from lower extremities
An unconscious client with an opioid overdose is triaged in the ED. ABG values reflect respiratory acidosis. Which of the following interventions address the cause of this client’s respiratory acidosis?
Administer naloxone
Administer salmeterol
Initiate BiPAP
Give oxygen at 4 LPM
Administer naloxone
