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Pain & Anxiety Control > Module 8 > Flashcards

Module 8 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the mechanism of action of topical anesthetics

A

blocks nerve conduction at mucous membrane surface

decreases Na permeability –> decreased depolarization –> blocks nerve impulses

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2
Q

what are the steps for pre-injection topical application

A
  • gel on cotton tip applicator
  • site dried w/ gauze
  • topical placed at site for 1-2 minutes
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3
Q

what is the anesthesia tissue depth of pre-injection topical application

A

2-3 mm

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4
Q

what are the 3 common topical anesthetics used in dentistry

A
  • benzocaine
  • lidocaine
  • combo –> benzo + butamben + tetracaine
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5
Q

what is the generic name for benzocaine

A

hurricaine

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6
Q

is benzocaine an ester or an amide

A

ester

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7
Q

what is the onset of topical benzocaine

A

30 sec - 2 min

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8
Q

what is the duration of topical benzocaine

A

5 - 15 minutes

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9
Q

what is associated with benzocaine sprays

A

methemoglobinemia

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10
Q

is lidocaine an ester or an amide

A

amide

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11
Q

what is the onset of topical lidocaine

A

2 - 10 minutes

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12
Q

what is the duration of topical lidocaine

A

15 - 45 minutes

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13
Q

what is the MRD for topical lidocaine

A

300, but 200 safely

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14
Q

what category is lidocaine in regards to pregnancy and is there any impact on lactation

A
  • category B
  • small amounts can enter breast milk
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15
Q

what is cetacaine

A

benzocaine + butamben + tetracaine

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16
Q

is cetacaine an ester or amide

A

ester

17
Q

what is the onset of topical cetacaine

A

30 sec

18
Q

what is the duration of topical cetacaine

A

30 - 60 minutes

19
Q

what is the MRD of cetacaine

A

200 mg

20
Q

what category is cetacaine in regards to pregnancy and is there any impact on lactation

A
  • category C
  • use with caution
21
Q

what category is benzocaine in regards to pregnancy and is there any impact on lactation

A
  • category C
  • unknown safety with lactation
22
Q

T/F concentrations of topical anesthetics are higher than injectable local anesthetics

A

true - needed for diffusion through mucous membranes

23
Q

T/F there are vasoconstrictors in topical anesthetics

A

false - NO vasoconstrictors –> increases absorption rate & risk of toxicity

24
Q

what are the toxicities and adverse reactions of topical anesthetics

A
  • irritation at site
  • sloughing
  • taste alteration
  • CNS effects (excitation then depression)
  • CV effects (decreased HR & BP, cardiac arrest)
25
Q

how do you avoid toxic reactions from topical anesthetics

A
  • know the relative toxicity of the drug being used
  • know the concentration of the drug being used
  • use the smallest volume
  • use lowest concentration
  • use least toxic drug for clinical scenario
  • limit are of application
  • avoid sprays

Pain & Anxiety Control (12 decks)

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