Module 2 Flashcards
what is a technique of communication between the dentist and the patient that creates a bond of trust and confidence
iatrosedation
what are nondrug psychosedative techniques
- hypnosis
- acupuncture
- audioanalgesia
what are the main routes of drug administration in dentistry
- oral
- topical
- subcutaneous
- inhalation
what is a minimally depressed level of consciousness that retains the patient’s ability to independently and continuously maintain an airway and respond appropriately to physical stimulation or verbal command
minimal sedation
what is moderately impaired in minimal sedation
cognitive function & coordination
what is unaffected in minimal sedation
ventilatory and cardiovascular functions
drug(s) and /or techniques used should carry a margin of safety wide enough to ___
never render unintended loss of consciousness
what is the appropriate initial dose of a single enteral drug in the minimal sedation of adults
no more than the maximum recommended dose of a drug that can be prescribed for unmonitored home use
what is a drug induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation
moderate sedation
are interventions required to maintain a patent airway in moderate sedation
no - spontaneous ventilation is adequate
what functions are usually maintained in moderate sedation
cardiovascular
drug(s) and/or techniques used should carry a margin of safety wide enough to ___
render unintended loss of consciousness unlikely
what may result in a greater alteration of the state of consciousness than is the intent of the dentist
repeated dosing of an agent before the effects of previous dosing can be fully appreciated
what is a drug induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot easily be aroused, but respond purposefully following repeated or painful stimulation
deep sedation
what function may be impaired in deep sedation
the ability to independently maintain ventilatory function
what function is usually maintained during deep sedation
cardiovascular function
patients may require assistance in ____, and spontaneous ventilation may be ___
- maintaining a patent airway
- inadequate
what is a drug induced loss of consciousness during which patients are not arousable, even by painful stimulation
general anesthesia
what is often impaired during general anesthesia
the ability to independently maintain ventilatory functions
patients often require assistance in ___, and ___ may be required because of depressed spontaneous ventilation or drug-induced depression of neuromuscular function
- maintaining a patent airway
- positive pressure ventilation
what functions may be impaired in general anesthesia
cardiovascular
where does conscious sedation cross to unconscious sedation
between IV and general anesthesia
what regulates the level of legal sedation a dentist can perform
the board of dentistry in the state in which one is licensed
what kind of sedation is allowed in most states without any additional training
minimal sedation
what may a licensed dentist administer in Kentucky without a permit
minimal enteral sedation
In Kentucky, nitrous oxide can be combined with an oral medication, but “the level of sedation shall be maintained at the level of ___ sedation”
minimal
when is patient monitoring required
any level of sedation beyond minimal
what are examples of monitoring
- blood pressure (every 5 minutes in parenteral moderate or greater)
- ECG
- pulse oximetry
- temperature
what is the most effective and most popular drug for anxiety management in dentistry
oral benzodiazepines
what will dosages vary based on
- drug
- age
- medical history
- level of anxiety
what must a patient have if oral sedation with benzodiazepines occurs
an escort (no driving) and staff escort to and from dental chair
what are the most common benzodiazepines used in dentistry
diazepam & triazolam
what are the most commonly used IV sedation drugs in dentistry and medicine
diazepam (valium) & midazolam (versed)
IV sedation with benzodiazepines normally has little significant effect on ___ or __ systems when recommended doses are used via recommended techniques
- cardiovascular
- respiratory
what are diazepam and midazolam good choices for
moderate IV sedation for procedures 60 minutes or less
why is midazolam favored over diazepam
- amnesic qualities
- lack of rebound effect
