Module 2

Question 1

what is a technique of communication between the dentist and the patient that creates a bond of trust and confidence

Answer 1

iatrosedation

Question 2

what are nondrug psychosedative techniques

Answer 2

• hypnosis
• acupuncture
• audioanalgesia

Question 3

what are the main routes of drug administration in dentistry

Answer 3

• oral
• topical
• subcutaneous
• inhalation

Question 4

what is a minimally depressed level of consciousness that retains the patient’s ability to independently and continuously maintain an airway and respond appropriately to physical stimulation or verbal command

Answer 4

minimal sedation

Question 5

what is moderately impaired in minimal sedation

Answer 5

cognitive function & coordination

Question 6

what is unaffected in minimal sedation

Answer 6

ventilatory and cardiovascular functions

Question 7

drug(s) and /or techniques used should carry a margin of safety wide enough to ___

Answer 7

never render unintended loss of consciousness

Question 8

what is the appropriate initial dose of a single enteral drug in the minimal sedation of adults

Answer 8

no more than the maximum recommended dose of a drug that can be prescribed for unmonitored home use

Question 9

what is a drug induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation

Answer 9

moderate sedation

Question 10

are interventions required to maintain a patent airway in moderate sedation

Answer 10

no - spontaneous ventilation is adequate

Question 11

what functions are usually maintained in moderate sedation

Answer 11

cardiovascular

Question 12

drug(s) and/or techniques used should carry a margin of safety wide enough to ___

Answer 12

render unintended loss of consciousness unlikely

Question 13

what may result in a greater alteration of the state of consciousness than is the intent of the dentist

Answer 13

repeated dosing of an agent before the effects of previous dosing can be fully appreciated

Question 14

what is a drug induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot easily be aroused, but respond purposefully following repeated or painful stimulation

Answer 14

deep sedation

Question 15

what function may be impaired in deep sedation

Answer 15

the ability to independently maintain ventilatory function

Question 16

what function is usually maintained during deep sedation

Answer 16

cardiovascular function

Question 17

patients may require assistance in ____, and spontaneous ventilation may be ___

Answer 17

• maintaining a patent airway
• inadequate

Question 18

what is a drug induced loss of consciousness during which patients are not arousable, even by painful stimulation

Answer 18

general anesthesia

Question 19

what is often impaired during general anesthesia

Answer 19

the ability to independently maintain ventilatory functions

Question 20

patients often require assistance in ___, and ___ may be required because of depressed spontaneous ventilation or drug-induced depression of neuromuscular function

Answer 20

• maintaining a patent airway
• positive pressure ventilation

Question 21

what functions may be impaired in general anesthesia

Answer 21

cardiovascular

Question 22

where does conscious sedation cross to unconscious sedation

Answer 22

between IV and general anesthesia

Question 23

what regulates the level of legal sedation a dentist can perform

Answer 23

the board of dentistry in the state in which one is licensed

Question 24

what kind of sedation is allowed in most states without any additional training

Answer 24

minimal sedation

Question 25

what may a licensed dentist administer in Kentucky without a permit

Answer 25

minimal enteral sedation

Question 26

In Kentucky, nitrous oxide can be combined with an oral medication, but “the level of sedation shall be maintained at the level of ___ sedation”

Answer 26

minimal

Question 27

when is patient monitoring required

Answer 27

any level of sedation beyond minimal

Question 28

what are examples of monitoring

Answer 28

• blood pressure (every 5 minutes in parenteral moderate or greater)
• ECG
• pulse oximetry
• temperature

Question 29

what is the most effective and most popular drug for anxiety management in dentistry

Answer 29

oral benzodiazepines

Question 30

what will dosages vary based on

Answer 30

• drug
• age
• medical history
• level of anxiety

Question 31

what must a patient have if oral sedation with benzodiazepines occurs

Answer 31

an escort (no driving) and staff escort to and from dental chair

Question 32

what are the most common benzodiazepines used in dentistry

Answer 32

diazepam & triazolam

Question 33

what are the most commonly used IV sedation drugs in dentistry and medicine

Answer 33

diazepam (valium) & midazolam (versed)

Question 34

IV sedation with benzodiazepines normally has little significant effect on ___ or __ systems when recommended doses are used via recommended techniques

Answer 34

• cardiovascular
• respiratory

Question 35

what are diazepam and midazolam good choices for

Answer 35

moderate IV sedation for procedures 60 minutes or less

Question 36

why is midazolam favored over diazepam

Answer 36

• amnesic qualities
• lack of rebound effect