Module 8

Question 1

Made outside the human body

Answer 1

Exogenous

Question 2

Classification of synapses in the autonomic system meaning that norepinephrine is released

Answer 2

Adrenergic

Question 3

The interior portion of the adrenal gland

Answer 3

Adrenal medulla

Question 4

• Grouping of nerves cell bodies located outside the brain and spinal cord
• Grouping locations of cell bodies

Answer 4

Ganglion

Question 5

Cause by thee molecules produced in the body

Answer 5

Endogenous

Question 6

Chains of swellings along the length of a postganglionic fiber

Answer 6

Varicosity

Question 7

A specific type of mechanoreceptor in the walls of the aorta and carotid sinuses that senses the stretch of those organs when blood volume or pressure increases

Answer 7

Baroreceptor

Question 8

• Increases heart rate
• Dilates and constricts veins
• Contracts bladder sphincter
• Exciting activity
• Portion of the NS associated with fight-or-flight response

Answer 8

Sympathetic Nervous system

Question 9

An irregular pattern of projection of conscious perception of visceral sensations

Answer 9

Referred pain

Question 10

• Receptors for acetylcholine located in all autonomic ganglia and neuromuscular junctions
• Some CNS pathways

Answer 10

Nicotinic ACH receptor

Question 11

• Exit at different spinal locations
• Note thee location and their proximity to the CNS
• An axon from the central neuron that projects to a sympathetic ganglion and represents thee output from the CNS to the ganglion

Answer 11

Preganglionic fiber

Question 12

• the axon from a ganglionic neuron that projects to the target effector that represents the output of a ganglion that directly influences the organ

Answer 12

Postganglionic fiber

Question 13

• Functions as a neurotransmitter in somatic nerve and parasympathetic nerve fibers

Answer 13

Acetylcholine

Question 14

• Innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
• One organ receiving sympathetic and parasympathetic output

Answer 14

Dual innervation

Question 15

The organ, tissue or gland to be innervated

Answer 15

Target effector

Question 16

• Decreases heart rate
• Relaxes bladder sphincter
• Chill
• Portion of the NS associated with the epithet of rest and digestion

Answer 16

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 17

• Situated anterior to the vertebral column and receive inputs from splanchnic nerves as well as central sympathetic neurons

Answer 17

Collateral ganglia

Question 18

• Receptors for acetylcholine stimulated by postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
• Produces parasympathetic nerve effects in the heart, smooth muscle, and glands

Answer 18

Muscarinic ACh receptors

Question 19

Often voluntarily controlled

Answer 19

Somatic motor

Question 20

• Not usually voluntarily controlled
• visceral organs

Answer 20

Autonomic motor

Question 21

Somatic and autonomic motor

Answer 21

Efferent division

Question 22

____ and ____ muscle will still contract in absence of neural stimuli, innervation just inc or dec

Answer 22

Heart, smooth muscle

Question 23

Afferent division and efferent division make up the…

Answer 23

Peripheral nervous system

Question 24

Division of nervous system which transmits sensory info from somatic and visceral receptors and special sense organs to the CNS
- Visceral sensory
- Somatic sensory
- Special sensory

Answer 24

Afferent division

Question 25

Functions are not normally voluntarily controlled

Answer 25

Innervate organs

Question 26

Subdivision of innervate organs

Answer 26

- Parasympathetic - Sympathetic - Enteric

Question 27

- Nerves innervate walls of the GI tract - Pertaining to the small intestine

Answer 27

Enteric

Question 28

_____ on either side of the spinal cord first ganglia, second also close

Answer 28

Sympathetic

Question 29

____ ganglia located next or in the organ

Answer 29

Parasympathetic

Question 30

neuron to neuron

Answer 30

Synapse

Question 31

Several neurons = nerves

Answer 31

Process of ganglion

Question 32

There are __ sets of ganglion in the sympathetic system

Answer 32

2

Question 33

- Sympathetic chain ganglion form a chain that runs along side the vertebral column - Only covers parasympathetic activity

Answer 33

Paravertebral ganglia

Question 34

Synapsing to an organ or tissue

Answer 34

Innervation

Question 35

In the SNS __ of impulses to ganglia of sympathetic system and ___ of impulse with ganglia can result in mass activation

Answer 35

Divergence, convergence

Question 36

Hormones in the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 36

Norepinephrine, epinephrine

Question 37

___ increases to skeletal muscles, heart, and brain: the essentials you need in that moment (takes place in the SNS)

Answer 37

Blood

Question 38

The PS division is ___ to the S division

Answer 38

Antagonistic

Question 39

The PNS releasees ___ from postganglionic neurons

Answer 39

ACh

Question 40

There is no ___ ___ in the PSNS

Answer 40

Mass activation

Question 41

The slowing of heart rate in the PSNS is actually the decrease of ___ and increase of ____

Answer 41

Pacemaker cells, digestive activities

Question 42

PSNS is ____ ____ in responses

Answer 42

Specific local

Question 43

___ is for the function

Answer 43

Structure

Question 44

The reason thee structure of the neurons and thus location of the ganglia is

Answer 44

- Short postganglionic neurons in the PSNS allow for local responses - Short preganglionic in the SNS allow for lots of divergence and convergence of information

Question 45

- A signal receptor protein in the plasma membrane that responds to the binding of a signaling molecule by activating a G protein. Also called a G protein-linked receptor - Receptors influence ion channels by means of G-proteins

Answer 45

G-protein-coupled receptors

Question 46

What are the 2 receptors of acetylcholine

Answer 46

Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

Question 47

____ ____ run bundled together as the optic nerve

Answer 47

Ganglion cells