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Human Physiology > Module 8 > Flashcards

Module 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Made outside the human body

A

Exogenous

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2
Q

Classification of synapses in the autonomic system meaning that norepinephrine is released

A

Adrenergic

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3
Q

The interior portion of the adrenal gland

A

Adrenal medulla

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4
Q
  • Grouping of nerves cell bodies located outside the brain and spinal cord
  • Grouping locations of cell bodies
A

Ganglion

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5
Q

Cause by thee molecules produced in the body

A

Endogenous

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6
Q

Chains of swellings along the length of a postganglionic fiber

A

Varicosity

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7
Q

A specific type of mechanoreceptor in the walls of the aorta and carotid sinuses that senses the stretch of those organs when blood volume or pressure increases

A

Baroreceptor

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8
Q
  • Increases heart rate
  • Dilates and constricts veins
  • Contracts bladder sphincter
  • Exciting activity
  • Portion of the NS associated with fight-or-flight response
A

Sympathetic Nervous system

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9
Q

An irregular pattern of projection of conscious perception of visceral sensations

A

Referred pain

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10
Q
  • Receptors for acetylcholine located in all autonomic ganglia and neuromuscular junctions
  • Some CNS pathways
A

Nicotinic ACH receptor

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11
Q
  • Exit at different spinal locations
  • Note thee location and their proximity to the CNS
  • An axon from the central neuron that projects to a sympathetic ganglion and represents thee output from the CNS to the ganglion
A

Preganglionic fiber

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12
Q
  • the axon from a ganglionic neuron that projects to the target effector that represents the output of a ganglion that directly influences the organ
A

Postganglionic fiber

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13
Q
  • Functions as a neurotransmitter in somatic nerve and parasympathetic nerve fibers
A

Acetylcholine

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14
Q
  • Innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
  • One organ receiving sympathetic and parasympathetic output
A

Dual innervation

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15
Q

The organ, tissue or gland to be innervated

A

Target effector

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16
Q
  • Decreases heart rate
  • Relaxes bladder sphincter
  • Chill
  • Portion of the NS associated with the epithet of rest and digestion
A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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17
Q
  • Situated anterior to the vertebral column and receive inputs from splanchnic nerves as well as central sympathetic neurons
A

Collateral ganglia

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18
Q
  • Receptors for acetylcholine stimulated by postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
  • Produces parasympathetic nerve effects in the heart, smooth muscle, and glands
A

Muscarinic ACh receptors

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19
Q

Often voluntarily controlled

A

Somatic motor

20
Q
  • Not usually voluntarily controlled
  • visceral organs
A

Autonomic motor

21
Q

Somatic and autonomic motor

A

Efferent division

22
Q

____ and ____ muscle will still contract in absence of neural stimuli, innervation just inc or dec

A

Heart, smooth muscle

23
Q

Afferent division and efferent division make up the…

A

Peripheral nervous system

24
Q

Division of nervous system which transmits sensory info from somatic and visceral receptors and special sense organs to the CNS
- Visceral sensory
- Somatic sensory
- Special sensory

A

Afferent division

25
Q

Functions are not normally voluntarily controlled

A

Innervate organs

26
Q

Subdivision of innervate organs

A
  • Parasympathetic
  • Sympathetic
  • Enteric
27
Q
  • Nerves innervate walls of the GI tract
  • Pertaining to the small intestine
A

Enteric

28
Q

_____ on either side of the spinal cord first ganglia, second also close

A

Sympathetic

29
Q

____ ganglia located next or in the organ

A

Parasympathetic

30
Q

neuron to neuron

A

Synapse

31
Q

Several neurons = nerves

A

Process of ganglion

32
Q

There are __ sets of ganglion in the sympathetic system

A

2

33
Q
  • Sympathetic chain ganglion form a chain that runs along side the vertebral column
  • Only covers parasympathetic activity
A

Paravertebral ganglia

34
Q

Synapsing to an organ or tissue

A

Innervation

35
Q

In the SNS __ of impulses to ganglia of sympathetic system and ___ of impulse with ganglia can result in mass activation

A

Divergence, convergence

36
Q

Hormones in the sympathetic nervous system

A

Norepinephrine, epinephrine

37
Q

___ increases to skeletal muscles, heart, and brain: the essentials you need in that moment (takes place in the SNS)

A

Blood

38
Q

The PS division is ___ to the S division

A

Antagonistic

39
Q

The PNS releasees ___ from postganglionic neurons

A

ACh

40
Q

There is no ___ ___ in the PSNS

A

Mass activation

41
Q

The slowing of heart rate in the PSNS is actually the decrease of ___ and increase of ____

A

Pacemaker cells, digestive activities

42
Q

PSNS is ____ ____ in responses

A

Specific local

43
Q

___ is for the function

A

Structure

44
Q

The reason thee structure of the neurons and thus location of the ganglia is

A
  • Short postganglionic neurons in the PSNS allow for local responses
  • Short preganglionic in the SNS allow for lots of divergence and convergence of information
45
Q
  • A signal receptor protein in the plasma membrane that responds to the binding of a signaling molecule by activating a G protein. Also called a G protein-linked receptor
  • Receptors influence ion channels by means of G-proteins
A

G-protein-coupled receptors

46
Q

What are the 2 receptors of acetylcholine

A

Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

47
Q

____ ____ run bundled together as the optic nerve

A

Ganglion cells

Human Physiology (7 decks)

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