Module 6

Question 1

What is the function of the 3 bones in the middle ear?

Answer 1

Transduce sound by amplifying it through the middle ear to the oval window

Question 2

Receptor that interprets chemical stimuli such as an object’s taste or smells

Answer 2

Chemoreceptors

Question 3

The cells in the retina that respond to light stimuli

Answer 3

Photoreceptor

Question 4

Receptor that senses temperature is either sensitive to temps above or below normal body temp

Answer 4

Thermoreceptor

Question 5

Receptors that respond to physical stimuli such as pressure and vibration as well as the sensation of sound and body position

Answer 5

Mechanoreceptor

Question 6

Receptor that responds to pain or similar intense stimuli

Answer 6

Nociceptor

Question 7

Energy or chemical activating a sensory receptor

Answer 7

Stimulus

Question 8

Area of the body when stimulated activates a particular sensory receptor

Answer 8

Receptive Field

Question 9

Sharpening of perception that occurs in the neural processing of sensory input

Answer 9

Lateral inhibition

Question 10

Pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus

Answer 10

Referred pain

Question 11

Nerve impulse is another term for

Answer 11

Action potential

Question 12

Sensory neurons have an end to receive ___ and produce the ___ and the other delivers ___ to synapse in the CNS

Answer 12

Sensory stimuli
Nerve impulse
Impulse

Question 13

Types of senses arise from different receptors , each sensory neuron is specific to a sensation

Answer 13

Modalities

Question 14

Sensory receptors are specialized cells that generate grade potentials called

Answer 14

Receptor potentials

Question 15

Receptor potentials = ____ but specific to sensory system

Answer 15

Graded potentials

Question 16

• Eyes
• Puts perception and integration into place and action potential beings

Answer 16

Visual cortex

Question 17

Auditory complex

Answer 17

Ears

Question 18

Where perception along with emotion or varying factors will affect perception

Answer 18

Cortical association area

Question 19

Complex integration occurs at ____

Answer 19

Cortical association areas

Question 20

• Respond quickly but just as quickly to adapt to stimulus
• Ex: smell and texture (skin)
• Adapts by positive or negative receptors

Answer 20

Phasic receptors

Question 21

• Maintain response to stimulus
• Ex: adapting to light in room; Skin stretch

Answer 21

Tonic Receptors

Question 22

Responds to touch and pressure

Answer 22

Skin

Question 23

• Pertaining to skin
• Touch, temp, pain

Answer 23

Cutaneous

Question 24

• Pertaining to skin
• Touch, temp, pain

Answer 24

Cutaneous

Question 25

How many action potentials per second

Answer 25

Frequency

Question 26

Increasing the frequency of action potential

Answer 26

Stimulus strength

Question 27

A decrease in receptor sensitivity

Answer 27

Adaptaation

Question 28

Short-lived

Answer 28

Transient

Question 29

Produced within the body

Answer 29

Endogenous

Question 30

Respond to lower levels of light

Answer 30

Rods

Question 31

Respond to bright light signals; red, blue, green

Answer 31

Cones

Question 32

_____ are the first cells in the pathway where action potentials can be initiated

Answer 32

Ganglion Cells

Question 33

- Increased learning - Enhanced memory

Answer 33

Glutamate

Question 34

What is the receptor of a photoreceptor?

Answer 34

Retina

Question 35

What is the neurotransmitter of a photoreceptor?

Answer 35

Glutamate

Question 36

Where is the neurotransmitter going in the brain of a photoreceptor?

Answer 36

1. Brainstem 2. Thalamus 3. Visual cortex - Mostly thalamus

Question 37

Air molecules push against it at the same frequency as sound wav

Answer 37

Tympanic membrane

Question 38

____ and ____ of the membrane indicate pitch and volume

Answer 38

Pressure, movement

Question 39

Name the 3 bones of the middle ear

Answer 39

Malleus, Incus, Stapes

Question 40

Fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear

Answer 40

Endolymph

Question 41

Ear is ____ with high K+ ____ and low Na+ ____

Answer 41

Backwards, outside, inside

Question 42

Receptor cells called hair cells

Answer 42

Mechanoreceptors

Question 43

Small hairline projection on the tops of inner and outer hair cells

Answer 43

Sterocilia

Question 44

What is the receptor of the ear?

Answer 44

Organ of Corti

Question 45

What neurotransmitter is produced in the ear?

Answer 45

Glutamate

Question 46

Cochlear nerve fibers synapse with interneurons in the ...

Answer 46

Brainstem

Question 47

Taste buds located in bumps on the tongue

Answer 47

Papillae

Question 48

To enter the pores of the taste buds and come into contact with _____, food must be _____ in liquid

Answer 48

Taste receptor cells, dissolved

Question 49

Increase surface area of taste receptor cells

Answer 49

Microvilli

Question 50

Bitter flavor

Answer 50

Quinine

Question 51

Sweet taste

Answer 51

Glucose

Question 52

Sour taste

Answer 52

high acid

Question 53

Umami

Answer 53

Amino acid glutamate

Question 54

Salt taste

Answer 54

Na+

Question 55

Pathways for taste go from ____, ____, ____, ____ in the brain

Answer 55

Glossopharyngeal nerve, medulla (brainstem), thalamus, gustatory complex

Question 56

- Prefrontal cortex - Area of the brain that receives and interprets taste from the tongue

Answer 56

Gustatory complex

Question 57

____ areas of the tongue are able to respond to all ______

Answer 57

All areas, 5 categories

Question 58

____ ____ pathways lead from the receptors, afferent neurons, to the ____. This means that a particular taste cell is sensitive to only one category.

Answer 58

Independent coded, CNS

Question 59

Taste responds to chemicals dissolved in

Answer 59

Food and drink

Question 60

Smell responds to chemical molecules from the

Answer 60

air