Module 8 Flashcards
Indian Influence on the Beatles
-Songs like “Within You, Without You,” “The Inner Light,” and “Norwegian Wood” were influenced by Indian classical instruments
~The sitar and tabla
-Making the Beatles one of the first mainstream groups to fuse world music with modern popular music
-George the youngest member was seriously interested in Indian music, which reflects in many of his contribution to the group’s catalog as well as his solo work
~The fascination with the sitar led him and the group to both musical and spiritual exploration on Indian music and culture
Pandit Ravi Shankar
-Associated with George Harrison and other popular musicians in the 60s and 70s made a household name in America and Europe for many years
-First performing for Western audiences in the 30s, as a dancer and musician in a traveling troupe led by his brother
-By the 50s, he began writing the scores for Indian films and became music director for the country’s national radio broadcast, All Indian Radio
-His recording of Hindustani classical raga made during the early 1960s are considered among his finest studio works
~He was strongly influenced on jazz music icon John Coltrane
-Continued to peruse his interest in cross-cultural collaboration, composing Western-style orchestral works that include traditional Indian instruments; in 1983 he was nominated for an Academy Award for his contributions to th3 score of the film Gandhi (1882)
-He made numerous recording of Hindustani classical music and continued to preform live, often with his daughter
-He received many awards for his invaluable contributions to music and culture throughout the world and is generally recognized as one of the most influential musicians of the twentieth century
Bollywood
-the label that western culture to describe the whole of Indian cinema, though initially the term was only colloquial reference to the burgeoning film industry in the modern city of Mumbai
~Considered the Hollywood of India
-Are similar in Hollywood films directed in musical performances in the 50s and 60s
-Rarely includes the voices for the movie soundtrack
~The same vocalist may be heard singing for different actors within the same film, sometimes even within the same song
There are two basic types of filmi
-Sentimental songs
-Dance songs
~The former have nostalgic or romantic themes with the an emphasis on melody and minimal inclusion of percussion instruments
*Latter have strong rhythms and memorable melodic hooks
Filmi
-Sensitive style
-Western instruments have been part of Indian music since the 16th century
~Violin is commonly used in folk, classical, and popular music
-Frequently uses lush orchestral accompaniment that emphasizes the violin (children lullaby)
Lata Mangeshkar
-Most famous popular world music artist
-Her timber tends the be nasal, particularly when singing higher range
~Uses a subtle melisma to ornament the melody, which is inspired by classical performance techniques that focus extensively on the use of ornamentation as a way to express emotion
-The sitar plays only a single sliding pitch of punctuate the end of few classical instruments will play extended solo passages, much like a guitar or saxophone might be used in mainstream popular music
-Percussion instruments, such as the tabla, are frequently heard playing the primary rhythmic component in filim
-Sentimental songs often drawn on lyrical content from well-known songs or classical poetry
~These songs are intended to stimulate an emotion in the listener and are sometimes based on musical rules related to the classical theory of rasa, which provides guidelines for how to express specific sentiments, such as love, sorrow, anger, or fear, through artistic mediums, like music and painting
Filmi Dance Songs
-The rhythms are often influenced by Western popular genres, such as rock and hip-hop and Afro-Cuban rhythms, are not typical in Indian popular music
-Follows formulaic techniques common to mainstream popular music as well, such as melodic hooks and the repetition of the vocal refrain several times throughout the performance
-Their intended purpose is to accompany extended dance scenes in a movie
~The choreography often incorporates folk and classical movements, along with a modern style of dancing
Bhangra
-Features vocal and melodic instruments, but the percussion-based bhangra style is often used for the dance sequences
-Began as a folk genre from the Punjabi region of northern India and has evolved into one of the most significant types of popular world music in the global scene
-Was a celebratory dance performance by men and most commonly associate with harvest festival
-Found at wedding and New Year celebration
-Musical accompaniment is dominated by percussion instruments, with the central instrument being a double-headed barrel drum (dhol)
~Several other percussion instruments are typically present, along with such melodic instruments as the tumbi
-London-Punjabi urbanites added synthesizer sounds and electronic drumbeats to the more familiar rhythms f bhangra to create a new style that was contemporary yet rooted in their transitional music
-Dance clubs patronized by Punjabi youth increasingly included the latest bhangra hits along with the mainstream dance/disco music
-Evolved into a variety of styles, but dance-oriented songs remain the most popular and are especially common at weddings and similar celebratory events
-Strongly centered on the pitch of the tumbi or other instrument that sounds throughout the song
-Rhythmic pattern is either played on traditional instruments or sounded by an electronic drum machine
~Music follows a four-beat duple meter and includes three component
Dhol
-Held by a strap around the drummer’s neck and played with two sticks
Tumbi
-A single-stringed plucked lute that is often found in Bhangra pop style as well
Jaswinder “Jazzy B” Singh Banis
-Incorporate drum machines, synthesizes, electric guitars, and a wide range of electronic effect inspired by mainstream popular music styles, such as rock and hip-hop
Three components of Bhangra
-A continuous “anticipation” pattern usually articulated by a high-pitched drum or a single-pitched melodic instrument, such as a tumia
-Strong, low tone on the first and fourth beats, usually provided by the dhol or a bass drum
-A higher tone drum or handclaps on the third beat
~Make up the basic bhangra rhythm typical of both the folk and popular music style
*This driving rhythm is fundamental to identifying the genre
