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Music 1140 Popular Music > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

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Ultimate Music Theory flashcards
1
Q

Melody

A

-A succession of pitches forming a musical idea

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2
Q

Harmony

A

-A blending of three or more different pitches

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3
Q

Rhythm

A

-The organization of the duration of musical sounds

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4
Q

Beat

A

-A regular pulsation implied or articulated in a musical sound

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5
Q

Meter

A

-The grouping of a specific number of beats

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6
Q

Tempo

A

-The speed of the beat in a music performance

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7
Q

Text Setting

A

-The number of pitches per syllable of sung text

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8
Q

Syllabic

A

-One pitch per syllable

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9
Q

Melismatic

A

-More than one pitch per syllable

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10
Q

Timber

A

-The quality of a sound

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11
Q

Ornamentation

A

-An embellishment of a melody or musical sound

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12
Q

Improvisation

A

-Spontaneous musical performance

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13
Q

Form

A

-The underlying structure of a musical performance over time

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14
Q

Song

A

-Suggests singing, that is musical vocal utterances

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15
Q

Chanson

A

-Typically a solo vocal performance with out without instrument accompaniment
~Sung in France
~Frequently in cabarets (nightclubs or restaurants that feature live entertainment)

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16
Q

Edith Piaf

A
  • Known for “The Little Sparrow”
  • Depicted in “La Vie en Rose (A life in Pink) in 2007
  • Started out as a street singer before joining a cabaret in the mid-1930s
  • Her fame took off in the 1940s throughout France and the US
  • in the 1940s and 1950s she appeared in a few movies and recorded hundreds of songs in French and English until he death in 1963
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17
Q

Medium

A
  • What produces the sound you hear
  • Instruments
  • Voices (How many and gender)
18
Q

Language

A

-Another extremely import

~The more exposure you have to languages the easier to identify what language it is

19
Q

Melody

A

-The notion of it as a musical idea

~Includes both pitch and duration (rhythm)

20
Q

Ballroom Dance

A

-Choreographed couple’s dances
~Several styles include larger groups of people to encourage socialization (Quadrille)
~A precursor to the folk style (Square Dance)

21
Q

Vernon and Irene Castle

A

-Were dance celebrities during the early twentieth century
-Popularize
~American Ragtime Dance
~Vaudevillian Fox Trot
~Argentine Tango
-Appeared on vaudeville stages, Broadway shows, and in motion pictures
-They wrote a dance instruction manual “Modern Dancing” (1914)
*Regarded as a functional resource on social dance of the period

22
Q

Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers

A
  • Portrayed the Castle’s in legendary motion picture
  • Each successful as actors individually, but “Fred and Ginger” are best remembered for preforming together in several films during the 1930s and in the 1949 musical “The Barkleys of Broadway”
  • Performing more than thirty dances in these movies became international stars and enhanced interest in ballroom dancing among social classes
23
Q

Ballroom Dance

-Rhythm

A

-Identify the beat or regular pulsation of the music
-The absence of a consistent pulse (known as a free rhythm) is more frequently found in folk and classical music
-In popular music genres percussion instruments will often sound the music’s basic beat
~Kick drum
~Snare combination
-Western classical music percussion is frequently absent so the conductor articulates the basic beat by waving a baton

24
Q

Ballroom Dance

-Beat

A
  • Easily identified at the point where Fred and Ginger begin to dance
  • The upper strings play the melody while the bass sounds on the initial beat, followed by the woodwinds sounding on the follow-up beat (1,2,3)
25
Q

Ballroom Dance

-Meter

A
  • Most popular music use groups of two, three, or four beats
  • grouping of two and four are described most simply as having a duple (divisible by two) meter
  • Whereas three have a triple (divisible by three) meter
  • Sometimes beats are grouped in a meter where the number is divisible by either (six beats) or neither two or three (seven beats) these are uncommon in popular music
26
Q

Ballroom Dance

-Tempo

A
  • Refers to the relative rate of speed between bars
  • Can indicate mood of a musical performance, with faster tempos often suggesting happy or lively feelings and slower tempos frequently indicating a sad or calm expression; other times tempo is merely a musical feature used to present contrast within a performance or to reinforce aspects of the overall form
27
Q

Where was Jazz “born”

A

-New Orleans

28
Q

Louis “Satchmo” Armstrong

A

-Developed his talent at a young age
-Began preforming professionally in his teens
-Mentored by Joe “King” Oliver composer of “West End Blues”
-Earned his reputation playing with riverboat bands and for high-society functions before accepting Oliver’s invitation to join his highly successful Creole Jazz Band in Chicago in 1922
-His own group was Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five; later known as Louis Armstrong and His Hot Seven
-During the 1920s he made several influential jazz recording such as “Hotter Than That,” “Potatohead Blues,” “west End Blues,” and “Weather Bird”
-Throughout the Depression Era Armstrong was able to keep his livelihood playing in Los Angeles dance clubs for Hollywood celebrities
-For more than five decades he performed throughout the US, Europe, Africa, and Asia
~Famous recordings
*Ain’t Misbehavin
*Hello Dolly!
*What a Wonderful World

29
Q

Jazz

-Timbre

A
  • Sometime referred to a quality or aural color a fundamental property of sound that helps you identify an instrument type
  • The other sound properties include pitch, duration, and volume
  • Recognizing the timber of an instrument or voice is based on familiarity
30
Q

Jazz

-Improvisation

A
  • Allows the musician to display his or her technical skills and creativity though singing, the performance of an instrument, or both
  • Can be common among multiple genres
31
Q

Jazz

-Melodic Improvisation

A

-Can be entirely spontaneous, but more frequently it is inspired by a melody or theme that has been previously heard in the same performance

32
Q

Jazz

-Ornamentation

A
  • Scat singing; rather than repeating the phrase exactly; the performer embellishes the motive by adding additional pitches
  • This is used to expand the melody or rhythmic pattern occurs frequently in musical improvisation
  • Are not generally considered part of the main melody, but more as “decoration” of it
33
Q

Cleveland DJ Alan Freed

A
  • Was a “rhythm and blues” R&B, came into vouge as a way to label all the new music emerging from the African American communities in these urban settings
  • Began describing the rhythm and blues music he played on his late-night radio broadcast as “rock and roll”
34
Q

Elvis Aaron Presley

A

-“The King of Rock and Roll”
~Recorded more than 800 hundred songs during his career
-His first recording was “That’s All Right” written and performed by Arthur “Big Boy” Crudup
~Since Elvis’s song played on Sun Records a mostly dominate African American record company, before he was known to the public people though he was African American
-He preformed “Blue Moon of Kentucky” which got him a chance to play at the Grand Ole Opry (this performance made people realize Elvis was white)

35
Q

Rock
-Harmony
~Recognizing Change

A

-Is the blending of three or more different pitchers

~Major or Minor

36
Q

Form

-12-Bar Blues

A
  • The vast majority of popular artists learn to play by ear
  • The underlying structure of the music over time and can refer to a section of the performance, or describe the piece in its entirety
37
Q

The Beetles

A 
-"Fab Four"
Popular songs
~"I Want to Hold Your Hand"
~"She Loves You"
~"Can't Buy Me Love"
~"A Hard Day's Night"
~"Eight Days a Week"
~"Help"
~"Yesterday"
38
Q

Rock
-Harmony
~Hearing Major and minor Chords

A
  • Variation of melodic content, transitions utilizing orchestral crescendo and the “circle of fifths” harmonic progression
  • Distinction between them is a half-step difference between the pitches, referred to as the “third”
  • Minor cords are referred to as sad sound
  • Major cords are referred as happy sound
39
Q

Rock
-Form
~Underlying Structure

A

-The contrast of minor and majors to emphasize change the mood of each section but also provide an underlying structure of how the piece progresses over time

40
Q

Hip-Hop

A
  • Dance styles known as “Breakin’” or “B-boying/B-girling”
  • It is inspired by Jazz dancing, gymnastics, and martial arts
  • Musical instruments common in Jazz and Rock, but added vocalists focusing on MC (emceeing) and dance beat provided by the DJ (Disk Jockey)
  • MC known as RAP is rooted in Jamaican practice of toasting, in which a rhythmic narrative is delivered with or without musical accompaniment
  • Always incorporated a variety of music styles, sampling bass riffs, breaks rhythms, and melodic phrases from rock, jazz, soul, funk, classical, and even traditional world music genres
  • Inciting reactions from many parents who continue to hold negative stereotypes of hip-hop, believing that the music encourages violence, misogyny, and sexual promiscuity; in all reality is was encouraging peace and unity, denouncing poverty and racism, promoting lasting family and love relationships, and rebelling against social and political injustice
41
Q

Mary J, Blige

A

-Syncretizing the sultry sound of soul music with the heavy beat of hip-hop
-Known as “Queen of Hip-Hop soul
-Her original style was rough and tough images of baseball hats, sunglasses, baggy clothing, and combat boots
-As she got older her style changed to attract her initial audience
~Her music became more soulful and focused on the rebellious attitude that characterized much hip-hop music of that period
-Blige music inspired artists like Beyonce, Alicia Keys, and Adele

42
Q

Hip-Hop
-Text Setting
~Melismatic vs. Syllabic

A

-Refers to the number of pitches sung pre syllable
~Everyday speech is syllabic, using just one pitch per syllable
-The male voice is delivered in a speech-like style which is syllabic
-The Female is more melismatic due to the vocal improvisations and multiple pitches per syllable
-There is no 100% melismatic parts in the song, but with one syllable carries more than one pitch is starts to become melisma

Music 1140 Popular Music (8 decks)

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