Module 7 Syllabi Questions

Question 1

What does the word “pelvis” mean?

Answer 1

basin

Question 2

What is the “true” pelvis?

Answer 2

pubic symphysis up to pelvic brim - contains pelvic structures
The true pelvis is that part of the pelvic cavity which is situated below and behind the pelvic brim. It is the location of the pelvic viscera (bladder, uterus, ovaries).

Question 3

What is the “false” pelvis?

Answer 3

expanded portion of pelvic cavity situated above and in front of the pelvic brim.

Question 4

What are some of the key differences between a male and female bony pelvis?

Answer 4

female has wider subpubic angle also a wider pubic arch
female superior aperture of the true pelvis is larger and more oval, inferior aperture is also larger and the coccyx is more movable (helps during birth)

Question 5

What are the lesser and greater sciatic foramina?

Answer 5

separated by the sacrospinous ligament (connects ischial spine - sacrum) crossing sacrotuberosity ligament

Question 6

What are the boundaries of the ischioanal (ischiorectal) fossa?

Answer 6

Levator ani (top)
Obturator internus (side)
Anus/vagina (side)
UGD (bottom)

Question 7

What important structures run in the lateral wall of the ischioanal/ischiorectal fossa?

Answer 7

internal pudendal nerve (S2, 3, 4), artery, vein, inferior rectal n, levator ani, coccygeus muscle

Question 8

What is meant by the terms “urogenital triangle”, “anal triangle” “urogenital diaphragm” and “pelvic diaphragm”? What is a “diaphragm”?

Answer 8

urogenital triangle: pubic symphysis, ischial tuberoscities

anal triangle: coccyx, ischial tuberoscities

UGD: deep perineal pouch; forms shelf superficial to pelvic diaphragm; has 2 fascia layers w/ muscle; has bulbourethral glands, deep transverse perineal muscle, external urethral sphincter, vaginal sphincter

pelvic diaphragm: muscles that form pelvic floor so levator ani and ischiococcygeus

diaphragm: separator

Question 9

differences between the UGD in males and in females?

Answer 9

males: bulbourethral gland present
females: vaginal sphincter

Question 10

What is an erectile “body”?

Answer 10

tissue that causes erection

Question 11

How many erectile bodies in penis?

Answer 11

3

Question 12

How many erectile bodies in clitoris?

Answer 12

2

Question 13

Major anatomical difference btwn penis and clitoris?

Answer 13

clitoris is only corpus cavernosum; penis is both cavernosum and spongiosum

Question 14

uterus muscle type?

Answer 14

smooth

Question 15

urinary bladder muscle type?

Answer 15

smooth

Question 16

what runs through greater sciatic foramen

Answer 16

sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

Question 17

what runs through lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 17

pudendal n., n. to obturator internus, tendon of obturator internus

Question 18

From what nerves do the pelvic viscera receive their sympathetic innervation? Parasympathetic innervation?

Answer 18

Sympathetic:
Lesser and Lumbar splanchnics

Parasympathetic:
Pelvic Splanchnics

Question 19

why back alley abortion dangerous?

Answer 19

instrument inserted through vagina can pierce posterior fornix, penetrate peritoneal cavity

Question 20

How many parts of the urethra are there in the male? In the female?

Answer 20

4 in male; 1 in female

Question 21

What is the anatomical basis for women being particularly susceptible to Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)?

Answer 21

short urethra

Question 22

What is the anatomical basis for an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 22

ovum gets fertilized in the peritoneum, pregnancy develops there instead of within uterus

Question 23

If the ovarian artery is blocked, could the ovary still have a blood supply? If yes, how? If not, why not?

Answer 23

yes b/c anastomoses with:

uterine, vaginal, and internal pudendal arteries

Question 24

What and where are the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles in the male and in the female

Answer 24

they are the skeletal muscles of the superficial pouch

Question 25

what innervates ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles

Answer 25

pudenal n; GSE

Question 26

structures that pass superior to piriformis m

Answer 26

superior gluteal vessels

superior gluteal nerves (L4-S1)

Question 27

structures that pass inferior to piriformis m

Answer 27

inferior gluteal n 
pudendal n
sciatic n
internal pudendal a 
posterior femoral cutaneous n 
nerve to obturator internus 
nerve to quadratus femoris