Module 7 - Renal System and Body Fluids Flashcards
In a normal adult, what would be the average effective renal plasma flow?
- 350mL/min
- 625 mL/min
- 500mL/min
- 750mL/min
- 200mL/min
625 mL/min
Stimulation of renal nerves increases renin secretion by direct action on which structure?
- Juxtaglomerular cells
- Efferent arteriole
- Vasa recta
- Loop of Henle
- Afferent arteriole
Juxtaglomerular cells
Rapid diffusion of water across cell membranes depends on the presence of water channels called aquaporins. In the nephron, where are Aquaporin 1 channels located?
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting duct – medullary portion
- Thick ascending limb
- Thin descending limb
- Collecting duct – cortical portion
Thin descending limb
What changes in blood glucose and GFR (glomerular filtration rate) are most likely to cause glycosuria?
- An increase in GFR and a decrease in blood glucose concentration
- A decrease in GFR and an increase in blood glucose concentration
- A decrease in GFR and a decrease in blood glucose concentration
- An increase in GRF and an increase in blood glucose concentration
- The same GFR and an increase in blood glucose concentration
An increase in GRF and an increase in blood glucose concentration
Which of the following would decrease renin secretion?
- Angiotensin II
- Constriction of the renal artery
- Cirrhosis
- Hypotension
- Prostaglandins
Angiotensin II
Within the kidneys, which cells produce erythropoietin?
- Lacis cells
- Macula densa cells
- Cortical nephrons
- Interstitial cells
- Granular cells
Interstitial cells
Buffering is of key importance in maintaining H+ homeostasis. What is the principal buffer system in the interstitial fluid?
- H2CO3 <> H+ + HCO3-
- HProt <> H+ + Prot -
- H2PO4 <> H+ + HPO42-
- HHb <> H+ + Hb-
- NH4+ <> NH3 + H+
H2CO3 <> H+ + HCO3-
What is the driving mechanism for H+ excretion in the proximal tubule of the nephron?
- Cl-/HCO3- antiporter system on basolateral membranes of intercalated cells
- H+ transporting ATPase at the luminal membrane of intercalated cells
- The dissociation of carbonic acid into CO2 and H2O in the tubular cells
- Na+K+ATPase at the basolateral membrane of tubular cells
- Diffusion of ammonia across the luminal surface of tubular cells
Na+K+ATPase at the basolateral membrane of tubular cells
What is the direct action of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D?
- Increases further 1-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyVit D
- Promotes paracellular calcium absorption in the intestines
- Promotes calcium reabsorption in the kidney synergistically with PTH
- Promotes phosphate excretion in the intestines
- Promotes the mineralization of bone
Promotes calcium reabsorption in the kidney synergistically with PTH
A PCO2 of 56mmHg in an arterial blood gas is consistent with which acid-base condition?
- Compensated metabolic alkalosis
- Metabolic alkalosis
- Compensated metabolic acidosis
- Metabolic acidosis
- Compensated respiratory alkalosis
Compensated metabolic alkalosis
Normally 180L of fluid is filtered through the glomeruli each day while the average daily urine volume is about 1L. At least 87% of filtered water is reabsorbed.
Match the anatomical location within the glomeruli to the approximate percentage of water reabsorbed at that location.
- <5%
- 2-10%
- 15%
- 60-70%
- <5% - Distal tubule
- 2-10% - Cortical collecting duct
- 15% - Loop of Henle
- 60-70% - Proximal tubule
What percentage of the cardiac output do the kidneys receive approximately?
- 5%
- 15%
- 25%
- 35%
- 50%
25%
What is the effect of Angiotensin II on the regulation of renal blood flow?
- Dilatation of all the renal vessels
- Dilatation of the efferent arterioles only
- Constriction of afferent and efferent arterioles
- Increase in blood flow in renal medulla
- Increased glomerular capillary pressure and increased renal blood flow
Constriction of afferent and efferent arterioles
Stimulation of renal nerves increases renin secretion by direct action via the release of which neurotransmitter?
- Adrenaline
- Noradrenaline
- Angiotensin II
- Dopamine
- Acetylcholine
Noradrenaline
Regarding normal sodium reabsorption by the kidneys, about 60% of sodium is reabsorbed in which location?
- Proximal tubule
- Thin descending limb
- Thick ascending limb
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting tubule
Proximal tubule