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CRIT5004 > Module 6 - Immunology > Flashcards

Module 6 - Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What cell types release IL 11 (interleukin 11)?

  1. Macrophages
  2. Virally infected cells
  3. Type 2 helper T cells
  4. Type 1 helper T cells
  5. Bone marrow stromal cells
A
  1. Bone marrow stromal cells
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2
Q

Which immunoglobulin is principally involved in opsonization?

  1. Ig A
  2. Ig G
  3. Ig E
  4. Ig D
  5. Ig M
A

Ig G

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3
Q

What must occur before a helper T lymphocyte can bind to a foreign antigen?

  1. Previous exposure to that antigen
  2. Antigen coating with opsonins
  3. The secretion of specific antibodies from plasma cells
  4. Presentation of the antigen with MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules
  5. Activation of regulatory T-cells
A

Presentation of the antigen with MHC (major histocompatibility complex) molecules

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4
Q

Which of the following is a principal function of complement?

  1. Inactivate perforins
  2. Attach to antigens and neutralize them
  3. Bind antibodies attached to foreign cell surfaces and to lyse these cells
  4. Cross link allergens
  5. Mediate the release of histamine
A

Bind antibodies attached to foreign cell surfaces and to lyse these cells

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5
Q

What causes acute rejection of a kidney allograft (during the first month post-transplantation)?

  1. Interaction of preformed host cytotoxic antibodies with graft endothelial
  2. HLA (human leucocyte antigens) class I antigens
  3. Immune mediated destruction and arteriolar narrowing causing graft ischaemia
  4. Antigen presenting cells present antigens on graft cells to host T lymphocytes causing a cytotoxic response and graft destruction
  5. Immunologically competent graft cells attack host tissues Previous sensitisation to donor alloantigens causes T and B cell activation
A

Antigen presenting cells present antigens on graft cells to host T lymphocytes causing a cytotoxic response and graft destruction

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6
Q

What cell types release IL 2 (interleukin-2)?

  1. Type 1 helper T cells
  2. Type 2 helper T cells
  3. Macrophages
  4. Virally infected cells
  5. Bone marrow stromal cells
A

Type 1 helper T cells

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7
Q

Where are the antimicrobial proteins known as defensins located?

  1. In the granules of neutrophils
  2. In the granules of basophils
  3. On the cell membranes of macrophages
  4. On the cell membranes of helper B lymphocytes
  5. Within the mast cells
A

In the granules of neutrophils

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8
Q

Which of the following is a principal function of complement?

  1. Cross link allergens
  2. Inactivate perforins
  3. Bind antibodies attached to foreign cell surfaces and to lyse these cells
  4. Mediate the release of histamine
  5. Attach to antigens and neutralize them
A

Bind antibodies attached to foreign cell surfaces and to lyse these cells

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9
Q

What molecule facilitates the binding of helper T cells to MHC-II (Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II) proteins?

  1. CD4
  2. TNF alpha
  3. CD8
  4. IL-1
  5. IL-2
A

CD4

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10
Q

Where does platelet derived growth factor come from?

  1. The cell membrane of the platelet
  2. The dense granules of the platelet
  3. The alpha-granules of the platelet
  4. After contact between the endothelium and the platelet
  5. The cytoplasm of the platelet
A

The alpha-granules of the platelet

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11
Q

Where are Human Leucocyte Antigens (HLA) found?

  1. B cells
  2. T cells
  3. All white blood cells
  4. All nucleated cells
  5. Red blood cells
A

All nucleated cells

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12
Q

Which of the following processes belongs to acquired immunity (rather than innate immunity)?

  1. Binding of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to toll-like receptor (TLR) 4
  2. Bacterial protein stimulating production of T cell receptors
  3. Monocytes moving to the tissues and becoming macrophages
  4. Activation of complement by the mannose-binding lectin pathway
  5. Release of interferon-α following viral infection
A

Bacterial protein stimulating production of T cell receptors

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13
Q

How do neutrophils attack bacteria?

  1. Exclusively by oxygen dependent mechanisms
  2. Exclusively by anaerobic mechanisms
  3. By phagocytosis
  4. By secreting complement
  5. By secreting interferon
A

By phagocytosis

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14
Q

How does our immune system remove cells infected by a virus?

  1. Release of cytokines from helper T cells
  2. Opsonisation of the cells with antibodies
  3. Binding of cytotoxic T cells and perforins
  4. Recruitment and activation of monocytes
  5. Dendritic cells presenting a viral antigen to helper T cells
A

Binding of cytotoxic T cells and perforins

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15
Q

Why is a secondary antibody response following the second exposure to antigen better than the first antibody response to that antigen?

  1. A secondary response includes new unrelated antigens
  2. The secondary antibodies are made by both B and T cells
  3. Complement fixing antibodies are made
  4. T-cell help is not required for the secondary response
  5. A secondary response is stronger and faster
A

A secondary response is stronger and faster

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16
Q

Five general types of immunoglobulin antibodies are produced.

Match the immunoglobulin to its function:

  1. Antigen recognition by B cells
  2. Release histamine from basophils and mast cells
  3. Localized protection in external secretions
  4. Complement activation
A
  1. Antigen recognition by B cells - Ig D
  2. Release histamine from basophils and mast cells - Ig E
  3. Localized protection in external secretions - Ig A
  4. Complement activation - Ig G

CRIT5004 (7 decks)

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