Module 7: Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards
Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis?
#Vitamin D deficiency #EBV #Cigarette smoking
Neuromyelitis optica – antigen? Symptoms?
“Bad MS”
Aquaporin 4 on astrocyte
Bilateral optic neuritis and visual loss
Location of lesions in multiple sclerosis? Dawsons fingers?
Periventricular and subcortical regions
lesions travel along veins
Classifications of multiple sclerosis?
#Relapsing and remitting #Secondary progressive – fever overt relapses with time but slowly gets worse #Primary progressive – no acute episodes #Progressive relapsing – continues to get worse with episodes
Why do new MS lesions appear on imaging?
Breakdown of blood brain barrier causes contrast enhancing lesion
Findings in optic neuritis?
Pain and loss of visual acuity
CSF findings in MS?
Another diagnostic test?
#Oligoclonal bands in CSF (that are not present in serum) # increased IgG index and positive OCB
Visually evoked potentials
Treatment of relapses of MS?
If severe?
#High-dose IV steroids (if cannot be used, oral prednisone or ACTH) #IVIG
if severe, plasma exchange
First-line long-term treatment agents for multiple sclerosis?
#Interferons for relaxing/remitting (nothing approved for progressive) #Glatiramer Acetate #Monoclonal antibodies