Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles of Biology and Lab > Module 7 Evolutionary Processes > Flashcards

Module 7 Evolutionary Processes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which scientific concept did Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace independently discover?

A

natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are homologous structures?

A

parallel structures in diverse organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which is the best definition of adaptation?

A

A heritable trait or behavior that aids an organism’s survival and reproduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____________occurs when a species is reproductively independent from other species; behavior, location, or reproductive barriers may cause this to happen.

A

reproductive isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A _________ is the offspring of two closely related individuals.

A

hybrid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the main difference between autopolyploid and allopolyploid?

A

the source of the extra chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Both genetic and environmental factors can cause phenotypic variation in a population.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Natural selection and other evolutionary forces can only act on heritable traits.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

____________ is an individual’s preference to mate with partners who are phenotypically similar to themselves.

A

assortative mating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fossils show a progression of evolution.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Organisms that share a single ancestor are a monophyletic group.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_________ are preserved remains of ancient organisms.

A

fossils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Scientists use the phrase __________ because even though related organisms have many of the same characteristics and genetic codes, changes occur.

A

descent with modification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Phylogenetic trees and individual clades are continually being refined by evolutionary biologists.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Phylogenetic relationships always provide information on both shared ancestry and how organisms are similar.

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In science, a “theory” is understood to be a concept that has been extensively tested and supported over time.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Species purposefully respond to their environment.

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Religious beliefs are not taught in U.S. public schools because the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it violates the establishment clause of the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a phylogeny a description of?

A

evolutionary history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A phylogenetic tree is a diagram used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Humans belong to what kingdom?

A

animalia

22
Q

A(n) __________ can evolve or adapt through natural selection.

A

population

23
Q

The word “theory” in theory of evolution is best replaced by ________.

A

hypothesis

24
Q

When a characteristic that is similar occurs by adaptive convergence (convergent evolution), and not because of a close evolutionary relationship, it is called a(n) __________.

A

analogous structure

25
Q

__________ is the increase in abnormalities and disease in inbreeding populations.

A

inbreeding depression

26
Q

The fact that DNA sequences are more similar in more closely related organisms is evidence of what?

A

descent with modification

27
Q

What do scientists use to apply cladistics?

A

homologous traits

28
Q

Wings on flightless birds is an example of a(n)…

A

vestigial structure

29
Q

Why are alternative scientific theories to evolution not taught in public school?

A

it is against the law

30
Q

The theory of evolution was almost universally accepted by biologists after…

A

the publication of On the Origin of Species

31
Q

What do scientists in the field of systematics specifically accomplish?

A

organize and classify organisms

32
Q

Which best describes the relationship between chimpanzees and humans?

A

chimpanzees and humans evolved from a common ancestor

33
Q

Which best describes a branch point in a phylogenetic tree?

A

new lineage

34
Q

Which of the following is not a domain?

A

protista

35
Q

Which of the processes described is divergent evolution?

A

Groups of organisms evolve in different directions from a common point.

36
Q

Which description is an example of a phenotype?

A

A certain duck has a blue beak
Most cheetahs live solitary lives

37
Q

Which of these statements about a natural principle that points to the inevitability of natural selection is false?

A

Some generations of offspring do not need to compete for resources.

38
Q

Which variable increases the likelihood of allopatric speciation taking place more quickly?

A

longer distance between divided groups

39
Q

Which situation is not an example of a prezygotic barrier?

A

two species of insects produce infertile offspring

40
Q

Which situation would most likely lead to allopatric speciation?

A

a flood causes the formation of a new lake

41
Q

what is assortative mating?

A

when individuals mate with those who are similar to themselves

42
Q

When closely related individuals mate with each other, or inbreed, the offspring are often not as fit as the offspring of two unrelated individuals. Why?

A

Inbreeding can bring together rare, deleterious mutations that lead to harmful phenotypes.

43
Q

Which situation is most likely an example of convergent evolution?

A

Squid and humans have eyes similar in structure
Worms and snakes both move without legs
Some bats and birds have wings that allow them to fly

44
Q

Which reproductive combination produces hybrids?

A

when members of closely related species reproduce

45
Q

population genetics is the study of…

A

how selective forces change the allele frequencies in a population over time.

46
Q

What is true about organisms that are a part of the same clade?

A

they evolved from a shared ancestor

47
Q

Which is an example of an adaptation?

A

the webbed feet of a duck helps it swim

48
Q

Which condition is the basis for a species to be reproductively isolated from other members?

A

it does not exchange genetic information with other species

49
Q

Which of the following evolutionary forces can introduce new genetic variation into a population?

A

mutation and gene flow

50
Q

The theory of evolution describes…

A

facts about the living world

51
Q

Which statement about the taxonomic classification system is correct?

A

species are the most specific category of classification

Principles of Biology and Lab (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions