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RT 202 > MODULE 7: Computers in Radiology > Flashcards

MODULE 7: Computers in Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

Integral part of many activities within a Radiology Department

A

Computers

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2
Q
  • Developed by ACR & NEMA
  • A “Cooperative Standard” that allows compatibility between imaging systems, by connectivity of imaging & associated medical equipment’s of different vendor
A

DICOM

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3
Q

How many divided parts does DICOM 2011 have?

A

20 Parts

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4
Q

Functions (Feature) of DICOM (C, If, It, PN, PM, DV)

A
  1. Connectivity
  2. Information
  3. Integration
  4. PACS and Networking
  5. Portable Media
  6. DICOM viewers
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5
Q

THE FUNCTIONS ARE ACHIEVED BY PARAMETERS

A

DICOM Service Class

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6
Q

DICOM Service Classes in Radiology (V, S, Q/R, PM, PS, MS, SR)

A
  1. Verification
  2. Storage
  3. Query/Retrieve
  4. Print Management
  5. Procedure Step
  6. Media Storage
  7. Structured Reporting
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7
Q

is defined as a group of operations that a user wants to perform on data from a modality.

A

DICOM Service Class

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8
Q

Typical examples of Service Classes

A
  1. Print Management Service Class
  2. Storage Service Class
  3. Query/Retrieve Service Class
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9
Q

A type of Service class that deals with printing images on film or paper printer, with flexible film formats

A

Print Management Service Class

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10
Q

A service class that implies “sending” images

A

Storage Service Class

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11
Q
  • A service class that deals with issues of “find, move and get” SOP (Service Object Pair) Classes.
  • While “find” is used to query for images, “move” & “get” are used to commence a transfer
A

Query/Retrieve Service Class

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12
Q

identifies specific DICOM capabilities of an equipment or medical device.

A

DICOM Conformance

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13
Q

assists the exchange, management and integration of different medical data (including radiology), which supports patient care

A

Healthcare Standards

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14
Q

3 Significant Standards important to a Radiologist are?

A

DICOM, HL7, and IHE

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15
Q

What does IHE stand for?

A

Integrating the Health Enterprise

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16
Q
  • Promotes the coordinated use of established standards such as DICOM and HL7 to address specific clinical needs in support of optimal patient care.
  • Systems developed in accordance with ___ communicate with one another better, are easier to implement and enable care providers to use information more effectively
A

IHE - Integrating the Health Entreprise

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17
Q
  • Provides protocols for the exchange, management and integration of clinical and administrative electronic health data.
  • Formed in 1987, the accepted global standard for exchange, integration, sharing and retrieval of electronic health information in hospitals
A

Health Level Seven (HL7)

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18
Q

HL7 Interoperability Goals

A
  • Improve Care Delivery
  • Optimize Workflow
  • Reduce Ambiguity
  • Enhance Knowledge Transfer
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19
Q

Deal with Communication; Comprising Physical, Data Link, Network And Transport Communication Layers.

A

Layers 1-4 of HL7

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20
Q

Deal with functions like Session, Presentation & Application.

A

Layers 5-7 of HL7

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21
Q

is regarded as the Application Level, which deals with the definition of data to be exchanged.

A

Seventh Level of Highest Level of HL7

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22
Q

It coordinates the use of established standards like DICOM and HL7 but answers issues that remain unresolved within the scope of DICOM and HL7

A

IHE

23
Q

IHE accomplishes this by a four stage process

A

A. Interoperability Problem Identification
B. Integration Profile Specification
C. Implementation and Testing at Connectathon
D. Integration Profile Conformance Statements

24
Q

used for flagging images of Radiologic Procedures

A

KEY IMAGE NOTES PROFILE

25
Q

useful, for example in a CT Scan of the abdomen, where out of the nearly 200 slices, useful information may be available in only four images

A

key images

26
Q

Other IHE Integration Profiles include

A
  1. Scheduled Work Flow
  2. Patient Information Integration Reconciliation
  3. Post Processing Workflow,
  4. Charge Posting
  5. Simple Image And Numeric Reports
  6. Presentation Of Grouped Procedures
  7. Access To Radiology Information
  8. Exception Management Work Flow
  9. Basic Security
  10. Integration Profile
27
Q

a ubiquitous healthcare service that derives, processes, offers and distributes data in an electronic format

A

RADIOLOGY

28
Q

Integral to current Radiology practice, wherein images are acquired, processed, post-processed and displayed, in black and white, gray scale, or colour, using binary
numbers

A

DIGITAL IMAGING

29
Q

smallest complete sample of an image;
tonal code given in binary code

A

pixel

30
Q

range from pure black at weakest intensity to pure white strongest

A

grasycale

31
Q

indicates shades of gray used to define each pixel and measured as number of bits

A

bit depth

32
Q

RGB/ CYMK

A

colour

33
Q

ability to distinguish fine spatial detail and differentiate objects in an image

A

spatial resolution

34
Q

amount of grayscale or color differentiation that exists in image

A

contrast resolution

35
Q

‘Viewing Boxes ’ of a Modern Radiologist

A

WORKSTATION

36
Q

very core of a Radiologist’s daily work and central to the business of manufacturing medical imaging equipment’s

A

WORKSTATION

37
Q

considered as the
single biggest challenge in radiological services

A

Image overload

38
Q

Fundamental difference between Thin and
Thick Clients is based on

A

location of the
software applications.

39
Q

exists when two or more computers
are connected together, thereby allowing them to
share data, equipment, and other digital electronic
resources

A

NETWORK

40
Q

Operative Level: enables viewing and transfer imaging data between consoles of modalities

A

Radiologist

41
Q

Operative Level: significantly expedites workflow

A

Patients

42
Q

Operative Level: empowers a healthcare enterprise

A

Health Care Provider

43
Q

possible by means of a combination of
network software and network hardware

A

‘Seamless’ Workflow

44
Q

Networks may be classified on the basis of extent of its reach

A

Personal Area Network (PAN), Local Area
Network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Wide Area Network (WAN) or Global Area Network (GAN)

45
Q

cover a small geographic area, like a
Radiology Department or hospital buildings; have a much higher data transfer rates in contrast to WAN, a smaller geographic range, and no dependency on leased telecommunication lines

A

LAN

46
Q

A system for digital storage, transmission and retrieval of radiology images

A

PACS

47
Q

Have both software and hardware components and directly interface with imaging modalities

A

PACS

48
Q

software that is installed on the workstation to receive and display the radiology images

A

PACS viewer

49
Q

Basic component of PACS System (7)

A
  1. PACS Central Server
  2. Database System
  3. DICOM Server
  4. Storage System
  5. Interfaces to RIS/HIS
  6. Web Server for Remote Access
  7. PACS Workstation
50
Q

PACS has multiple advantages over film-based

A

cost saving
time saving
access
applications
integration
convergence
data handling
CAD
advance analysis
security and privacy

51
Q

the practice of a Radiologist interpreting medical
images while not physically present in the location where the images are generated

A

TELERADIOLOGY

52
Q

TELERADIOLOGY FOCUSES ON:

A

a. Efficient transfer of image data
b. Accurate representation of the graphic image at the remote site
c. Optimal utilization of radiologist time
d. Systems and processes leading to an overall increase in Radiologist productivity

53
Q

TELERADIOLOGY TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURE

A

image acquisition
image transfer
image compression
image review

RT 202 (8 decks)

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