Module 7 Flashcards
What is the endomembrane system?
An interconnected system of membranes that defines spaces in the cell, synthesizes important molecules, and traffics and sorts these molecules into and out of the cell.
The endomembrane system plays a crucial role in cellular organization and function.
Which structures are included in the endomembrane system?
- Nuclear envelope
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
- Lysosomes
- Vesicles
- Cell membrane
These components work together to compartmentalize the cell.
What is the function of the nuclear envelope?
Encloses the nucleus and houses the genetic material.
The nuclear envelope consists of a double membrane.
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Manufactures proteins and lipids and is continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope.
The endoplasmic reticulum is critical for the synthesis of biomolecules.
True or False: The endomembrane system is only involved in trafficking molecules into the cell.
False
The endomembrane system also sorts molecules out of the cell.
Fill in the blank: The endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the outer membrane of the _______.
nuclear envelope
This connectivity allows for efficient transport of molecules.
What organelle communicates with the endoplasmic reticulum by vesicles?
Golgi apparatus
It receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum and directs them to their final destinations.
What is the function of lysosomes?
Break down macromolecules such as proteins into simpler compounds
These simpler compounds can be used by the cell.
Which organelles harness energy for use by the cell?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
They likely evolved from free-living prokaryotes and have their own DNA.
What do mitochondria transfer energy from?
Chemical compounds
This energy is used by nearly all cells.
Where does cellular respiration take place?
Cytosol, mitochondrial matrix, and along the inner membrane of the mitochondria
The inner membrane is highly folded.
What process do chloroplasts use to harness sunlight energy?
Photosynthesis
They make ATP and build sugars in plant and algal cells.
Where does photosynthesis occur?
Cytosol, chloroplast, and thylakoid membrane
These components are essential for the photosynthesis process.
What is the cytoskeleton’s role in cells?
Helps maintain cell shape and structure
It is present in all cells.
What are the components of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotes?
Microfilaments and microtubules
These structures help maintain cell shape and structure.
What is the cell wall of plants made of?
Cellulose
It helps to maintain cell structure.
In which organisms is the cell wall present?
Plants, algae, fungi, archaea, and bacteria
The cell wall plays a critical role in maintaining structure.
What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?
Help maintain turgor pressure
Vacuoles are conspicuous organelles in plant cells.
