Module 3 Flashcards
What are monosaccharides?
Monosaccharides are the basic units of carbohydrates.
They are the simplest form of carbohydrates and cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler sugars.
What role do carbohydrates play in living organisms?
Carbohydrates are sources of energy and components of the cell wall of plants and fungi.
They serve essential functions in biological processes and structural integrity.
Carbohydrates are polymers built from which subunits?
Carbohydrates are polymers built from subunits called monosaccharides.
The linkage of monosaccharides forms disaccharides and polysaccharides.
What are monosaccharides composed of?
C, H, and O atoms, usually in the ratio 1:2:1
Common examples include glucose and fructose.
In what forms can monosaccharides exist?
Linear or ring forms
The ring form is more prevalent in biological systems.
How are monosaccharides joined to form complex carbohydrates?
By glycosidic bonds
These bonds connect monosaccharides to form disaccharides and polysaccharides.
What type of reaction forms glycosidic bonds?
Dehydration synthesis reactions
This process involves the loss of a water molecule.
What do monosaccharides assemble to form?
Disaccharides or longer polymers called complex carbohydrates
Examples include sucrose (disaccharide) and starch (polysaccharide).
What property defines lipids?
Hydrophobic
Lipids do not mix well with water.
Are lipids considered polymers?
No, lipids are not polymers like carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids
They are made up of fatty acids and glycerol.
What are the main components of lipids?
Fats, oils, steroids, and phospholipids.
What is the primary function of triacylglycerols?
Store energy.
What are triacylglycerols made up of?
Glycerol and fatty acids.
How are triacylglycerols synthesized?
By a dehydration synthesis reaction.
What do fatty acids consist of?
A linear hydrocarbon chain of variable length with a carboxyl group at one end.
What are the two types of fatty acids?
Saturated and unsaturated.
What characterizes saturated fatty acids?
No carbon-carbon double bonds.
What characterizes unsaturated fatty acids?
One or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
What type of forces result in the tight packing of fatty acids in lipids?
Van der Waals forces.
What type of interaction are van der Waals forces?
A type of weak, noncovalent interaction.
What are two other types of lipids besides triacylglycerols?
Steroids and phospholipids.
