Module 7 Flashcards
Cation electrolytes
Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium
positively charged ions
Anion
Bicarbonate
Chloride
Phosphorus
Negatively charged ions
Non-electrolytes
Salutes with no electrical charge
Glucose
Urea
How much percentage of the body does extracellular fluids and intercellular fluid to make
60%
Extracellular equals 15%
Extra cellular fluid equals 45%
What is the percentage of solids in the body?
40%
Extracellular fluid includes
Plasma,
blood (mostly )
Vascular space
Fluid around cells
Intercellular fluid has more electrolytes because
It uses osmosis and pulls the water towards the salt as it is more electrolyte rich
Osmosis
Water from a high concentration to low concentration
Pulls towards the salty side
Active transport
(ATP) the movement of molecules against a concentration gradient with the help of energy
Filtration
Movement of specific molecules across the cell membrane through protein channels
Example kidney in blood
Diffusion
Area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Hypertonic solution
Cell shrinks
Increased osmotic pressure to NBF
Hypotonic solution
Cell swells
Decreased osmotic pressure to nbf
Isotonic solution
Cell stays same size
Same osmotic pressure to NBF
Isotonic examples
Ringers lactate
Normal saline
DW5 ( becomes hypertonic after)
What is normal saline made out of
0.9%, sodium chloride in water.
Normal saline PH
5.5.
Becomes 7.2 after respiration.
PH of lactated ringers
6.5.
Crystalloids
Canβt carry oxygen
Dissolved crystals
Best choice for body fluid replacement
Small molecules
Collids 1:1
Very high osmolary/ Collid onocotic pressure
Reduce edema
Large moles
Micro drip
60 drops per 1 ml
Marcodrip
10/15/20 droop per set
What angle do you put an IV in at
45 degrees
Iv contradications
Avoid joints
Avoid valves
Mastectomy
Dialysis fistula ( artery and veins fushed together)
Trauma
Burn
Injury
Iv complications
Air embolism
Necrosis
Catheter, sheer
Pain
Infection
Thrombosis
Iv sizes
Orange 14
Gray 16
Green 18
Pink 20
Blue, 22
Yellow, 24
Purple 26
Infiltration
The escape of fluid
Drip rates
Volume x dropset divided time ( mins)
Flow rate
Plus what reasses
20ml/ kg (max 3 times for fluid )
Or until map of 65
If you hear crackles in the lungs
Reassess every 250
Or return the peripheral pulses
I/O contraindications
Fractures
Burns
Infection
Trauma
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (brittle bone )
Three spots of io
Humoral
Proximal tibia
Distal tibia
Io. Confirmation.
Catheter firm and doesnβt move
Blood marrow is aspirated
Blood in catheter hub
Pressure infuser
200-3000 Mhgg
Flushing
10ml normal saline
Maintenance rate
Pt weight kg +40