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PCP Foundations, 💖🚑 > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Most common airway obstruction

A

Tongue

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2
Q

How long can the brain survive without oxygen?

A

6 minutes

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3
Q

Upper airway cuts off at

A

The vocal cords

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4
Q

Upper airway includes

A

Nasopharynx( nasal cavity, turbinates, nasal septum, sinuses)
Oropharynx ( tongue, palate) ( soft and hard)

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5
Q

Lower airway includes

A

Trachea aveoli, bronchi bronchioles

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6
Q

Total lung capacity

A

6L

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7
Q

Right versus left lung lobes

A

Right lung has three lobes
Left long has two lobes

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8
Q

Turbinates

A

Three. Boney shelves.
Produce from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity, and extend into the nasal passage
Upper airway

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9
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Lines with ciliated mucous membrane

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10
Q

Nasal septum

A

Divides the nasopharynx into two passages, composed of bone and cartilage

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11
Q

Sinus

A

Cavities formed by cranial bones, prevent contaminants from entering the respiratory track

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12
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Small horse shoe shaped bone to join epiglottis and thyroid cartilage are attached

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13
Q

Hard vs soft plate

A

Hard equals anterior portion form by the maxilla and palatine bones

Soft equals posterior to the hard palate

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14
Q

Trachea is the

A

Windpipe
Conduct for air entry into the lungs
Consist of a series of C-shaped cartilage rings

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15
Q

Which side of the stem bronchus is shorter and straighter

A

The right side tracheal tubes can end up here

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16
Q

Bronchioles

A

Dilate constrict in response to stimuli divide into smaller —> bronchi

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17
Q

Aveoli

A

Are ballon like clusters
Single layer
Site of oxygen and carbon exchange

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18
Q

Atelectatasis

A

Collapse of the aveoli

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19
Q

Surfactant

A

Decrease the friction surface tension and keeps the aveoli expanded

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20
Q

3 parts to the pleura sac

A

Most outer part is the parietal pearl
Middle part is the plural cavity
Inside lining part the visceral pleura

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21
Q

Parts of the lungs (labelled diagram)

A

You’re doing great keep going :)

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22
Q

Tidal volume equals

A

Volume of air that is inhaled/exhaled in a single respiration (6-8ml/kg)

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23
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume equals

A

Amount of air that can be inhaled, in addition to tidal volume
300oml

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24
Q

How much of title volume remains in the upper airway?

A

1/3

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25
Q

1200ml is expelled to two places and where

A

1200 ml expelled in each breath
1200 ML is kept in the lung ( revisional volume )

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26
Q

2/3 of air is left where

A

Alveolar

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27
Q

Ventilation equals

A

Ability of the body to move air in and out of the lungs

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28
Q

Respirations equal

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide physical exchange of gases

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29
Q

Dead space equals

A

Any portion of the airway that lingers (but no air flow) therefore cannot participate in gas exchange

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30
Q

Anatomic dead space

A

Includes the trachea
And large bronchi

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31
Q

Physicallogical dead space

A

Created by inter-pulmonary obstructions, or atelecatosis
BBM nasal canula we do this

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32
Q

Alveolar volume

A

Remaining volume of inhaled hair, reaches the aveoli for gas exchange

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33
Q

Aveoli dead space volume is around

A

350ml

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34
Q

As respirations increases what happens to aveoli volume

A

Leads to a decrease in aveoli volume which leads to only dead space

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35
Q

Minute volume

A

Amount of air received in and out in one minute

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36
Q

Minutes alveolar volume

A

Amount of air that actually participates in gas change in one minute
AMV = DSV x RR

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37
Q

Fio2

A

Percent of oxygen in inhaled air
Example
Room air 21%
BVM 100%

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38
Q

Inspiration equals how many thirds
Expiration equals how many thirds

A

Inspiration equals 1/3
Expiration equals 2/3

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39
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for breathing?

A

Medulla/pons

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40
Q

What nerves are responsible in ventilation

A

Phrenic nerve
Intercostal nerve

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41
Q

What triggers the impulse to breathe

A

Carbon

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42
Q

Is the pressure inside of the diaphragm, higher or lower with exhales?

A

Lower

43
Q

Anoxia

A

No breathing

44
Q

Dyspena

A

Difficulties in respiration

45
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low respiration

46
Q

Hyperoxia

A

High respirations

47
Q

Gas moves from an area of what concentration to an area of what concentration

A

High concentration to low concentration

48
Q

What percent of the body’s total oxygen is bound to haemoglobin

A

97%

49
Q

Carbon, it’s transported in the blood by what kind of ions

A

Bicarbon ions

50
Q

What causes a decrease in oxygen in the blood

A

Atmo pressure
Severe bleeding
Anemia, low red blood cells

51
Q

Hyperventilation causes of what in carbon

A

Causes a decrease in carbon, illuminates more carbon then we can produce

52
Q

Hypoventation cause carbon to do want

A

Increase is carbon makes more than you could eliminate

53
Q

BVM and unconscious patient must always have

A

An airway adjunct

54
Q

Head lift/chin lift

A

No trauma or C-spine
Push back the forehead
Push up on the chin

55
Q

Jaw thrust

A

Keep the cervical in line
Two hands on the mandible push up on the jaw
Very painful for alert patients

56
Q

Suctioning

A

Max 15 seconds
On the way out
Make sure to close your thumb over the whole
Only suction as far as you can see

57
Q

Hard suctioning equals vs soft suctioning equals

A

Yonker
French

58
Q

NPA

A

Goes into the posterior pharynx behind the time
Measure in the nose to ear tip
Bevel towards septum
Can be Conscious
Can have a gag reflex
Can’t use and head trauma or base of skull fracture
No suctioning
No nasal trauma

59
Q

What side should you start with a NPA

A

Right side first go straight in
If you’ve left, must do 180° turn
Use lube

60
Q

OPA

A

Ear tip to jaw to measure
Unconscious
No gag reflex
Smile side towards you
Tip of the hard palate and then turn 180° on soft palate

61
Q

Green air tanks equal

A

Oxygen tanks

62
Q

Room air is

A

21% oxygen

63
Q

Hydrostatic test every

A

10 years

64
Q

Full tanks equal

A

2000 psi

65
Q

Replace tanks at

A

At 200 psi

66
Q

D tanks equal
M tanks equal

A

350 L (0.16)
3450 L (1.56)

67
Q

Oxygen tank formula

A
68
Q

Flow metres

A

Allows oxygen being delivered to the patient to be adjusted (1 to 25 ml )

69
Q

Regulators

A

Reduces/controls the flow of oxygen to a patient
Like 2000 psi reduces to 50 psi

70
Q

Pressure compensated Flowmeter

A

Wall mount air regulators that use the ball what is inside the ambulance

71
Q

Nonrebreathing mask

A

15 L per minute (10 to 15)
90% oxygen (90-100)
Valves
Fill bag no apena

72
Q

Simple facemask

A

10 L/min (6 to 10)
40% to 60% oxygen
No values
Outside air gets in

73
Q

Nasal canula

A

1 to 6 L/min
24 to 44% oxygen
Dry out the nose
15 L per minute for igels

74
Q

Nebs

A

8 to 6 L in a minute
3 to 5 mL of fluid
For aerosolized meds

75
Q

Bvm

A

15 L/min.
Hundred percent on oxygen
Squeeze 1/3 of the bag

76
Q

Venturi mask

A

24 %
28%
35%
40%
50%
Depends on the adaptor for highly Pacific oxygen

77
Q

How many litres does a BVM hold?

A

17,000 L

78
Q

How much do you squeeze the Bvm bag

A

1/3

79
Q

How much do we pre-oxygen date with a nasal cannula?

A

Two minutes with 15 L per minute

80
Q

King LT

A

Measured in height
Better fit for adults
Two balloons
Ones sits on the trachea one sits on the epiglottis
Vomit risk

81
Q

LMA

A

Size equals actual weight
Peds fit better
Less risk for soft tissue trauma
Least effective on obese patients

82
Q

Igel

A

Estimated weight
May take up to 10 minutes to warm up
Best option

83
Q

Dope

A

Displacement ———moving patient
Obstruction ——— blood or vomit
Pneumothorax ———— hole in your lung
Equipment

84
Q

How to tell if an in adjunk airway is in place

A

ET CO2 waveforms
Positive lung sounds
Negativeepi-static sounds
Chest rise
Increased SPO2
Easy compliance

85
Q

CO2 is made in the cells in what two ways

A

Aerobic ( with oxygen )
anaerobic( with no oxygen ) and by products which create faster CO2 build up

86
Q

Once carbon is in the vessels how can It move

A

20% bound to haemoglobin
75% turn it to bicarbonate
( finds water in the red blood cells, then converts into carbonic acid)
Then splits into bicarbonate and hydrogen before leaving the lungs

87
Q

If red blood cells lack what happens to the ability up for us to load off CO2

A

It decreases

88
Q

ETCO2

A

Is the partial pressure measured of CO2 at the end of expiration

89
Q

What part of the brain read CO2 levels in blood

A

Medulla

90
Q

Decrease minute volume means too much or too little CO2 ( comp ) (not decomp)

A

Two little

91
Q

Increased ET CO2 means you do want to ventilations

A

Decrease them

92
Q

Normal wave form

A
93
Q

What do these two waveforms represent?

A

Pink equals hypo ( not enough carbon) leads to much
Orange equals hyper ( to much carbon ) leads to not enough

94
Q

What do these two waveforms represent?

A

Yellow equals bronchial spasm
Green equals rebreathing or staircase
Meaning, not having a full exhale

95
Q

What do these two waveforms represent?

A

Blue equals tube displacement
Purple equals Rosc

96
Q

What do these two waveforms represent?

A

Pink equals patient was breathing tonight to using mechanical intervention
Teal equals apnea or equipment

97
Q

A sudden increase or rise of ET CO2 by what is what percentage indication of Rossi

A

10 MM Hg
Is 97% indicated

98
Q

And for what MMHG for CPR

A

10 but ideally 25

99
Q

What does a a bumpy wave pattern represent?

A

An obstruction
Like a pulmonary embolism
Pulsating of the heart to the lungs resulting in volume changes

100
Q

PVCO2

A

Is partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood

101
Q

PaCo2

A

Is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood

102
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Decrease minute volume/ slow breathing
Overdose, strokes, obesity, pulmonary disease tiredness

103
Q

HypoCapnia

A

Increase minute volume/fast breathing
Anxiety (think paper bag)
Shock state decomp
Poor pulmonary perfusion ( RBC)

PCP Foundations, 💖🚑 (12 decks)

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