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PCP Foundations, 💖🚑 > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Shock hypovolemic

A

Bleeding is the most common cause
adequate tissue perfusion
Cardiovascular Collapse
Hyperfusion the tissues are no longer getting oxygen

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2
Q

Compensatory vs decompensatory

A

Comp still working, high blood pressure, increased heart rate increased respiratory rate takes blood from other parts of the body and use it towards the core
Decomposition decrease in blood pressure as the commissary method is no longer working

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3
Q

Aerobic wastes

A

Carbon which is expelled through the lungs in respiratory function
The way we want to metabolize

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4
Q

Anarobic waste

A

in the kidneys bicarb is released by the adrenal glands on top of the kidneys slow
More acid will build up black lactate acid in car by carbonic acid

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5
Q

What system redirect blood away from the other organelles to the brain, lungs and kidneys?

A

Auto nervous system he cannot control this

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6
Q

Capillary, bleed

A

Oozes
Scrapes and abrasions

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7
Q

Vein bleed

A

Take deoxygenated blood from the body to return to the heart low pressure
Close, dark red study flow can be serious
Closer to the outside of the body

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8
Q

Artery bleed

A

Spurts bright, red pulsating flow
Carries auction needed blood from the heart to the rest of the body, under a lot of pressure being pushed in the body whenever the heart contracts closer to the surface of the body

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9
Q

What is one reason for an arterial bleed to stop

A

As amount of blood circulating in the body drops; the patient’s BP, and eventually runs out of blood in the area

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10
Q

Signs of internal bleeding

A

Abdominal distention/riginty
Dull in the chest
Hypotension
Tachycardia

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11
Q

Non-trauma internal bleeding

A

G.I. bleeding diseases upper equals blood in vomit lower equals blood and faeces

Ruptured atomic pregnancy’s
Ruptured aneurism ( weaked blood vessels)
Other conditions

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12
Q

Signs of non-trauma internal bleeding

A

Pallet or pale
Tachycardia
Changing a mental status
Anxious

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13
Q

Management of internal bleeding

A

Treat shock
Minimize movement
Rapid transport
They will need surgery

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14
Q

When must you treat uncontrolled hemorrhages?

A

In the initial assessment
They must be controlled immediately

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15
Q

Arterial bleeding may take up to how many minutes to clot with direct pressure

A

5 mins

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16
Q

Adult males have how much blood per kilogram of body weight

A

70 mL per kilogram

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17
Q

Adult. females have how much blood per kilogram of body weight

A

65 mL per kilogram

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18
Q

The body can’t tolerate how much blood loss

A

More than 20% at an acute time or about 1 L

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19
Q

Bleeding stop on its own within

A

10 mins

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20
Q

Why does bleeding stopped on its own?

A

Vessels narrow
Plates aggregate, clustered together at the site and cover the whole
Can be disturbed by medication’s

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21
Q

Triad of death

A
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22
Q

As acid rises and what does respiratory rate, and carbon dioxide do

A

Respiratory rate increase in carbon dioxide decrease

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23
Q

Entitle over 45MmH equals what

A

Too much carbon dioxide

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24
Q

Treatment for the triad of death

A

Control, bleed
Keep patient warm
Minimize acid by Iv
Monitor and title and ventilations to prevent respiratory acidosis
Consider a ministering tranexamine acid

25
Q

Managing an external hemorrhage

A

Direct pressure with a glove hand and four by fours
Elevates the injury above the level of the heart, but not if fractured
Apply a pressure dressing
Tourniquet
Lay supine ( trendleburg )

26
Q

Managing an external hemorrhage

A

Direct pressure with a glove hand and four by fours
Elevates the injury above the level of the heart, but not if fractured
Apply a pressure dressing
Tourniquet
Lay supine ( trendleburg )

27
Q

Bleeding from the nose, ears, and mouth

A

Can equal possible skull fracture
Please sterile, gauze, pad, oversight, loosely
Never pack, ears or nose or mouth as this could be the way of a pressure coming out of the head

28
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

29
Q

Halo test

A

Place a four by four against the year
If a ring of yellow fluid is around the blood, it indicates a sign of a skull fracture

30
Q

How to haemostatic agent work

A

They work by causing an enhanced clot formation of the website
Good for junctional areas like the groin
Pack the wounds fully with the haemostatic agent, and then wrap with cling and top never remove cling

31
Q

Burping

A

Using your finger to clear the clots before, applying a haemostatic agent

32
Q

Tourniquet rules

A

Can damage nerves, muscles and blood vessels

Never put over a joint it makes it ineffective

Never use a belt or anything other than a tourniquet an extreme conditions you can use a wide BP cuff

Use padding underneath

Never covered with a bandage or never loosen the tourniquet after you’ve applied it

33
Q

How much blood can a pelvis hold

A

2.5 L

34
Q

Signs of a pelvic fracture

A

Pain in the pelvic growing or lower back
Crepitus or instability
Signs of a hypovolaemic shock
Mechanism of injury

35
Q

What to do in a pevlic trauma

A

Manually stabilize the pelvis until you can apply a pelvic binder or a sheet

36
Q

Abdominal injury open treatment

A

Wet, sterile dressing

37
Q

When do you move an impaled object?

A

When the object is interfering with airway management, or cardiac resucitaion

38
Q

Rice

A

Rest
Immobilize
Cold
Elevate

39
Q

How much blood can be lost per fracture of the pelvis

A

500ml per fracture
To a total it can hold 2.5 L.

40
Q

We can re-position once if ?

A

There is no pulse

41
Q

Order for the straps on a Ked

A

My baby looks hot tonight
Middle
Bottom
Legs
Head
Top strap

42
Q

Six steps to splinting

A

Expose
Pad
Splinting position found
Immobilize the joint above and under
Treat underlying conditions first
Check CMS before and after

43
Q

Traction splints, how many centimetres past the foot

A

20 to 15

44
Q

Maximum weight of of a traction splint

A

10% of body weight
Or a max of 15 pounds for one leg
Or a max of 30 pounds for both legs

45
Q

Indication for a traction splint

A

Mid shaft, femur fracture
Cannot have any other injuries

46
Q

How much blood can a femur hold?

A

1 to 2 L

47
Q

How to treat eyes

A

Patch both
Flush for 5 to 20 minutes ( alkaline Burns) 20
Brush off dry chemical first

48
Q

Do expose bones get dry or wet. Dressings.

A

Wet

49
Q

Wound care

A

Clean inner to outer
Don’t Remove any objects like rocks
Flush downwards
Pat dry and wrap with a sterile dressing

50
Q

Order of straps for a stretcher or spine board or scoop

A

Torso, pelvis, lower extremities head

51
Q

Open versus closed fractures

A

Open is a compound break that goes through the skin
Closed does not break the skin

52
Q

Simple versus comminuted fracture’s

A

Simple is still in alignment
Comminuted break a long, many lines

53
Q

Transverse versus oblique fractures

A

Transverse is a 90° break
Oblique is a 0 to 90° break

54
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

A distal wrist fracture ( silver spoon)

55
Q

Greenstick

A

Partial fracture from bending

56
Q

The kidney make what to neutralize acid

A

Bicarbonate

57
Q

The kidney make what to neutralize acid

A

Bicarbonate

58
Q

Blood is redirected away from other organs to the what

A

Lungs
Brain
Heart
Kidneys

PCP Foundations, 💖🚑 (12 decks)

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