Module 4 Flashcards
Shock hypovolemic
Bleeding is the most common cause
adequate tissue perfusion
Cardiovascular Collapse
Hyperfusion the tissues are no longer getting oxygen
Compensatory vs decompensatory
Comp still working, high blood pressure, increased heart rate increased respiratory rate takes blood from other parts of the body and use it towards the core
Decomposition decrease in blood pressure as the commissary method is no longer working
Aerobic wastes
Carbon which is expelled through the lungs in respiratory function
The way we want to metabolize
Anarobic waste
in the kidneys bicarb is released by the adrenal glands on top of the kidneys slow
More acid will build up black lactate acid in car by carbonic acid
What system redirect blood away from the other organelles to the brain, lungs and kidneys?
Auto nervous system he cannot control this
Capillary, bleed
Oozes
Scrapes and abrasions
Vein bleed
Take deoxygenated blood from the body to return to the heart low pressure
Close, dark red study flow can be serious
Closer to the outside of the body
Artery bleed
Spurts bright, red pulsating flow
Carries auction needed blood from the heart to the rest of the body, under a lot of pressure being pushed in the body whenever the heart contracts closer to the surface of the body
What is one reason for an arterial bleed to stop
As amount of blood circulating in the body drops; the patient’s BP, and eventually runs out of blood in the area
Signs of internal bleeding
Abdominal distention/riginty
Dull in the chest
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Non-trauma internal bleeding
G.I. bleeding diseases upper equals blood in vomit lower equals blood and faeces
Ruptured atomic pregnancy’s
Ruptured aneurism ( weaked blood vessels)
Other conditions
Signs of non-trauma internal bleeding
Pallet or pale
Tachycardia
Changing a mental status
Anxious
Management of internal bleeding
Treat shock
Minimize movement
Rapid transport
They will need surgery
When must you treat uncontrolled hemorrhages?
In the initial assessment
They must be controlled immediately
Arterial bleeding may take up to how many minutes to clot with direct pressure
5 mins
Adult males have how much blood per kilogram of body weight
70 mL per kilogram
Adult. females have how much blood per kilogram of body weight
65 mL per kilogram
The body can’t tolerate how much blood loss
More than 20% at an acute time or about 1 L
Bleeding stop on its own within
10 mins
Why does bleeding stopped on its own?
Vessels narrow
Plates aggregate, clustered together at the site and cover the whole
Can be disturbed by medication’s
Triad of death
As acid rises and what does respiratory rate, and carbon dioxide do
Respiratory rate increase in carbon dioxide decrease
Entitle over 45MmH equals what
Too much carbon dioxide
Treatment for the triad of death
Control, bleed
Keep patient warm
Minimize acid by Iv
Monitor and title and ventilations to prevent respiratory acidosis
Consider a ministering tranexamine acid
Managing an external hemorrhage
Direct pressure with a glove hand and four by fours
Elevates the injury above the level of the heart, but not if fractured
Apply a pressure dressing
Tourniquet
Lay supine ( trendleburg )
Bleeding from the nose, ears, and mouth
Can equal possible skull fracture
Please sterile, gauze, pad, oversight, loosely
Never pack, ears or nose or mouth as this could be the way of a pressure coming out of the head
Epistaxis
Nosebleed
Halo test
Place a four by four against the year
If a ring of yellow fluid is around the blood, it indicates a sign of a skull fracture
How to haemostatic agent work
They work by causing an enhanced clot formation of the website
Good for junctional areas like the groin
Pack the wounds fully with the haemostatic agent, and then wrap with cling and top never remove cling
Burping
Using your finger to clear the clots before, applying a haemostatic agent
Tourniquet rules
Can damage nerves, muscles and blood vessels
Never put over a joint it makes it ineffective
Never use a belt or anything other than a tourniquet an extreme conditions you can use a wide BP cuff
Use padding underneath
Never covered with a bandage or never loosen the tourniquet after you’ve applied it
Signs of a pelvic fracture
Pain in the pelvic growing or lower back
Crepitus or instability
Signs of a hypovolaemic shock
Mechanism of injury
What to do in a pevlic trauma
Manually stabilize the pelvis until you can apply a pelvic binder or a sheet
Abdominal injury open treatment
Wet, sterile dressing
When do you move an impaled object?
When the object is interfering with airway management, or cardiac resucitaion
Rice
Rest
Immobilize
Cold
Elevate
How much blood can be lost per fracture of the pelvis
500ml per fracture
To a total it can hold 2.5 L.
We can re-position once if ?
There is no pulse
Order for the straps on a Ked
My baby looks hot tonight
Middle
Bottom
Legs
Head
Top strap
Six steps to splinting
Expose
Pad
Splinting position found
Immobilize the joint above and under
Treat underlying conditions first
Check CMS before and after
Traction splints, how many centimetres past the foot
20 to 15
Maximum weight of of a traction splint
10% of body weight
Or a max of 15 pounds for one leg
Or a max of 30 pounds for both legs
Indication for a traction splint
Mid shaft, femur fracture
Cannot have any other injuries
How much blood can a femur hold?
1 to 2 L
How to treat eyes
Patch both
Flush for 5 to 20 minutes ( alkaline Burns) 20
Brush off dry chemical first
Do expose bones get dry or wet. Dressings.
Wet
Wound care
Clean inner to outer
Don’t Remove any objects like rocks
Flush downwards
Pat dry and wrap with a sterile dressing
Order of straps for a stretcher or spine board or scoop
Torso, pelvis, lower extremities head
Open versus closed fractures
Open is a compound break that goes through the skin
Closed does not break the skin
Simple versus comminuted fracture’s
Simple is still in alignment
Comminuted break a long, many lines
Transverse versus oblique fractures
Transverse is a 90° break
Oblique is a 0 to 90° break
Colles’ fracture
A distal wrist fracture ( silver spoon)
Greenstick
Partial fracture from bending
The kidney make what to neutralize acid
Bicarbonate
Blood is redirected away from other organs to the what
Lungs
Brain
Heart
Kidneys
