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ABE 2 First Exam > Module 6: Tillage Equipment > Flashcards

Module 6: Tillage Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

mechanical manipulation of soil for any desired purpose

A

tillage

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2
Q

any physical manipulation which changes the structure of the soil, kills weeds, and rearranges dead plant materials (agri perspective)

A

tillage

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3
Q

objectives of tillage

A
  1. develop desirable soil structure for a seedbed
  2. control weeds, cut roots and bury green materials
  3. incorporate manure and chem fertilizer

***for wet land conditions
4. turn the soil into a soft “puddle”
5. to form a hard layer which reduces water leaching

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4
Q

desirable soil conditions for a seebed

A
  • higher water infiltration rate
  • decreased water surface runoff
  • greater water holding capacity
  • promote root penetration
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5
Q

tillage classification

A
  1. primary tillage (plowing)
  2. secondary tillage (harrowing)
  3. general purpose tillage (rotavating)
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6
Q

initial cutting, breaking and usually inversion of the soil

A

primary tillage

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7
Q

implements used in primary tillage are moldboard, disc and chisel plow and subsoilers cutting soil to a depth of __ inches to __ inches

A

6 inches to 36 inches

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8
Q

primary tillage terms

unplowed soil

A

land

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9
Q

primary tillage terms

soil cut, lifted, inverted and thrown to one side of the plow bottom

A

furrowslice

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10
Q

primary tillage terms

trench or canal left by the furrowslice

A

furrow

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11
Q

primary tillage terms

raised ridge when two furrowslices overlap each other

A

backfurrow

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12
Q

primary tillage terms

trench left equal to two furrows when furrow slices are thrown on opposite sides

A

backfurrow

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13
Q

primary tillage terms

unbroken side of the furrow

A

furrow wall

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14
Q

sliding implement that cuts, lifts, inverts and throws to one side a layer of soil (furrow slice) to bury surface materials

A

moldboard plow

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15
Q

one of the oldest and most important agricultural equipment for land preparation

A

moldboard plow

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16
Q

___________ cuts soil to a depth of 6” to 18”

A

moldboard plow

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17
Q

basic parts of moldboard plow

A
  1. share
  2. moldboard
  3. landside
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18
Q

basic parts of moldboard plow

provides the cutting edge of the plow bottom

A

share

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19
Q

basic parts of moldboard plow

receives the furrowslice from the share; lifts, and inverts and throws it to one side of the plow bottom

A

moldboard

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20
Q

basic parts of moldboard plow

counteracts the side pressure exerted by the furrow slice on the plow bottom

A

landside

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20
Q

it is the perpendicular distance between the wing of the share a line connecting the point of the share and the the heel of the landside

A

size of the moldboard plow bottom

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21
Q

the size of the moldboard plow bottom is also the _______ of _____ of the plow bottom

A

width of the cut

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22
Q

moldboard plow is bent downward of the point of the share to make the plow penetrate the soil to the proper depth

true or false

A

true

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23
Q

a _____________ moldboard plow can throw the furrow slice to the left or right of the plow’s direction

A

reversible

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24
Q

classification of moldboard plow

A
  1. animal-drawn moldboard plow
  2. for 2-wheel tractor
  3. tractor mounted
  4. semi-mounted
  5. trailing
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25
Q

classification of moldboard plow

mounted on the tractor’s three-point linkage and depends upon the tractor for its general operation

A

tractor-mounted moldboard plow

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26
Q

classification of moldboard plow

the front end is directly connected to the tractor’s three-point linkage and its rear end is supported by furrow and land wheels

A

semi-mounted moldboard plow

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27
Q

classification of moldboard plow

hitched to the drawbar or lower links of the tractor, supported by two or three wheels and

A

trailing moldboard plow

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28
Q

primary tillage equipment

implement with individually mounted concave disc blades which cut, partially or completely invert soil slices to bury surface material, and pulverize the soil

A

disc plow

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29
Q

primary tillage equipment

developed in an effort to reduce friction in the sliding moldboard plow bottom by using a rotating disc plow bottom

A

disc plow

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30
Q

basic parts of a disc plow

A
  1. disc
  2. scraper
  3. rear furrow wheel
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31
Q

basic parts of a disc plow

round and concave disc of heat-hardened steel with sharpened edges to cut the soil, it is rotated by the soil during soil cutting

A

disc

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32
Q

basic parts of a disc plow

curved plate placed on the concave side of the disc to scrape off the soil and throw it on one side of the plow bottom

A

scraper

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33
Q

basic parts of a disc plow

rear wheel that presses against the furrow wall to resist the side pressure exerted by the soil against the plow

A

rear furrow wheel

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34
Q

the size of the disc plow bottom also presents the width of cut, however it is influenced by what??

A
  • disc diameter
  • depth of cut
  • disc angle
35
Q

disc plow

angle the disc makes with the vertical to make the disc penetrate the soil to the proper (depth 15 – 25 degrees)

A

tilt angle

36
Q

disc plow

angle the disc makes with the direction of travel to make the disc cut the proper width and allow the disc to rotate (42 – 45 degrees)

A

side/disc angle

37
Q

classification of disc plow

A
  1. tractor-mounted disc plow
  2. tractor-mounted reversible disc plow
  3. semi-mounted reversible disc plow
38
Q

classification of disc plow

attached to tractor by three-point hitch linkages and are fully carried by the tractor during transport

A

tractor-mounted disc plow

39
Q

classification of disc plow

limited in size (2-4 discs) due to tractor front-end stability and hydraulic lift capacity

A

tractor-mounted reversible disc plow

40
Q

classification of disc plow

attached to the tractor’s lower hitch points and is raised/lowered by the tractor hitch as well as a remote hydraulic cylinder on the rear transport wheel

A

semi-mounted reversible disc plow

41
Q

plowing patterns

A
  1. return plowing
    a. gathering plowing
    b. casting plowing
  2. round-about plowing
    a. plowing from outside
    b. plowing from center
  3. one-way plowing
  4. consecutive plowing
42
Q

plowing patterns

moves two-way in a longitudal direction

A

return plowingg

43
Q

plowing patterns - return plowing

starts at the outer side of the field and furrow slice is turned outward, the furrow is left at the center of the plowed field

A

casting plowing

44
Q

plowing patterns - return plow

plowing starts at the center of the field and the furrow slice is turned toward the center, the furrow is left along the outside of the plowed field

A

gathering plowing

45
Q

plowing patterns

field is plowed in continuous circuits

A

round-about plowing

46
Q

plowing patterns - round-about plowing

small square is first plowed in the same way as gathering plowing, then the circuit proceeds outwards, turning the furrow slice towards the center

A

plowing from the center

47
Q

plowing patterns - round-about plowing

it is started at the center and the circuit proceeds inwards, turning the furrow slice toward the outer side

A

plowing from outside

48
Q

plowing patterns

the land is plowed in one direction only

A

one-way plowing

49
Q

consecutive plowing is suitable for hillside plowing

true or false

A

false; answer is one-way plowing

50
Q

plowing patterns

land is plowed in both directions side by side

A

consecutive plowing

51
Q

plowing patterns

procedure can be practiced by reversible type, turn-wrest type or symmetric tillage implements such as two-way type driven disc plow

A

consecutive plowing

52
Q

force to propel an implement in the direction of travel which is equal and opposite to drawbar bull

A

draft of plows

53
Q

determined by the resistance of the soil to tillage operation, the speed of plowing, sharpness of the cutting edge and over-all adjustment of the plow

A

draft of plows

54
Q

force required to cut a unit cross-sectional area of soil

A

specific draft

55
Q

applied to that part of the total required for turning and pulverizing the furrow slice

A

increase in draft due to speed

56
Q

subsequent breaking, pulverization and leveling of the soil making it ready for planting

A

secondary tillage (harrowing)

57
Q

secondary tillage equipment

consists of two or more sets of disc gangs cutting the soil to a dept of 3” to 6”

A

disc harrow

58
Q

this is made up of a number of discs mounted on a common axle

A

disc harrow

59
Q

basic parts of a disc harrow

A
  1. disc
  2. disc gang
  3. bumper
  4. bearing
  5. scraper
  6. spool
60
Q

basic parts of a disc harrow

round and concave discs

A

disc

61
Q

basic parts of a disc harrow

an assembly of discs all rotating together on a common shaft (3-13 discs gang at 6” to 12” spacing per disc)

A

disc gang

62
Q

basic parts of a disc harrow

a washer on one of the common shaft to absorb the end thrust of the gang

A

bumper

63
Q

basic parts of a disc harrow

two to three bearings per gang

A

bearing

64
Q

classification of disc harrow

A
  1. single action disc harrow
  2. tandem disc harrow
  3. offset disc harrow
  4. trailing disc harrow
65
Q

classification of disc harrow

two gangs of discs place end-to-end which throws the soil in opposite directions

A

single action disc harrow

66
Q

classification of disc harrow

consists of two or more gangs, in which a set of two gangs follow behind the front gangs and is arranged in such a way that the discs on the front gangs throw the soil in one direction and the discs on the rear gangs throw the soil in the opposite direction

A

tandem disc harrow

67
Q

classification of disc harrow

consists of two gangs wherein one gang is located behind the other at an angle and the harrow is operated in an offset position in relation to the tractor centerline

A

offset disc harrow

68
Q

classification of disc harrow

hitched to the drawbar of the tractor and pulled by the tractor

transport wheels can be mechanically or hydraulically actuated

A

trailing disc harrow

69
Q

secondary tillage equipment

consists of long rigid spikes clamped or welded to cross bars on a staggered arrangement to attain max stirring and raking of the soil

A

spike-tooth harrow

70
Q

in a spike-tooth harrow, the cross bars can be rotated to change the _______ of the teeth

A

angle

71
Q

characteristics of spike-tooth harrow

A
  • thoroughly smoothens and compacts the topsoil
  • effective in killing weeds that are just starting
  • useful in covering broadcasted seeds and in breaking crusts that have formed over newly planted crops
  • it can be used to cultivate corn, cotton, and other row crops
72
Q

secondary tillage equipment

consists of long, flat and curved teeth made from spring steel

A

spring-tooth harrrow

73
Q

in a spring-tooth harrrow, the curved teeth are welded to ________ on a staggered arrangement

A

cross bars

74
Q

the spring characteristic of a spring-tooth harrrow allows the teeth to?

A

flex and slide over obstructions

75
Q

characteristics of spring-tooth harrow

A
  • removes plant growth from the soil without cutting it up
  • useful in tearing out the roots and bringing them to the surface
  • suitable for use in rough and stony ground
76
Q

combined primary and secondary tillage in one operation

A

general-purpose tillage

77
Q

implements used in general-purpose tillage are __________ and __________ cutting the soil to a depth of up to 6”

A

rotavators and floating tillers

78
Q

general-purpose tillage (rotavating)

constructed with a set of cutting knives or tines mounted on a horizontal power-driven shaft rotating at high speed

A

rotavator

79
Q

in a rotavator, the knives slice thin sections of the soil and pulverize them by what force?

A

centrifugal force

80
Q

a rotavator is suited only for dry land operations

true or false

A

false; it is suited for both dry and wet land operations

81
Q

general-purpose tillage (rotavating)

especially designed power tillers for wet land operation fitted with a front-mounted cutting blades on a cagewheel

A

floating power tiller

82
Q

basic parts of a disc harrow

straight or curved plate places on the concave side of the disc to scrape off the soil

A

scraper

83
Q

basic parts of a disc harrow

flanged tube inserted on the common shaft between two discs to maintain disc spacing

A

spool

84
Q

local agmech techs

a power driven multi-purpose machine for land preparation, transport and other applications in the field.

A

IRRI power tiller

85
Q

local agmech techs

utilizes two surplus automotive differentials to effect the necessary speed reduction and power transmission

A

differential hand tractor

ABE 2 First Exam (11 decks)

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