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ABE 2 First Exam > Module 11: Harvesting Equipment > Flashcards

Module 11: Harvesting Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

process of gathering the useful portion of the crop from the field

A

harvesting

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2
Q

process of separating the grains from the straw

A

threshing

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3
Q

process of detaching and separating the kernels from the cobs (corn) or pods (legumes)

A

shelling

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4
Q

traditional

harvesting: 8 - ____ man-hours/ha
threshing: __ - 220 man-hours/ha

A

8 - 160
140 -220

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5
Q

losses in traditional harvesting and threshing

A

5% to 16%

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6
Q

conventional threshing

power thresher: ____ man-hours/ha
pedal thresher: _____ man-hours/ha

A

12 for power; 100 for pedal

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7
Q

losses in conventional threshing

A

3% to 10 %

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8
Q

this is the most common scheme in harvesting and threshing of rice

A

conventional threshing

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9
Q

mechanical threshing

manually operated harvesting takes about 5 man-hours/ha

true or false

A

false; it takes 50 man-hours/ha

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10
Q

mechanical harvesting

manually operated harvesting takes about 50 man-hours/ha

true or false

A

true

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11
Q

losses in mechanical threshing

A

3% to 6%

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12
Q

use of a machine called “combine”

A

combine harvestingr

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13
Q

harvesting, threshing, and cleaning in one operation

A

combine harvesting

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14
Q

this system is commonly adopted in countries with vast areas planted with cereal grains

A

combine harvesting

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15
Q

labor in combine harvesting

A

3-21 man-hours/ha

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16
Q

losses in combine harvesting

A

1.5% to 6%

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17
Q

use of a machine called “stripper”

A

stripping

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18
Q

this system removes or “strips” the grains from the panicle without cutting or uprooting the plant

A

stripping

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19
Q

labor in stripping

A

3-21 man-hours/ha

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20
Q

losses in stripping

A

2% to 6%

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21
Q

factors affecting the choice of harvesting and threshing systems

A
  1. type of crop
  2. topography
  3. farm size
  4. type of culture
  5. availability and cost of labor
  6. availability of capital
  7. timeliness of operation
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22
Q

factors affecting the choice of harvesting and threshing systems

crops have diff properties

A

type of crop

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23
Q

________ is employed for crops in which grains or pods do not mature at the same time

A

priming

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24
Q

some crop varieties are susceptible to ______ during the rainy season

A

lodging

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25
Q

mechanical harvesting, combining and stripping are ideal for?

A

flat fields, free of large obstructions

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26
Q

manual harvesting and threshing are widely adopted in areas with steep slopes

true or false

A

true

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27
Q

area of an average ph farm

A

2 ha

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28
Q

use of mechanical methods in small and non-contiguous farms is efficient

true or false

A

false; it is not efficient

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29
Q

there is an unreliable supply of hired labor in farming

true or false

A

true

that’s why farmers consider the use of mechanical methods

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30
Q

level of mechanization in harvesting

A

low level

done using non-mechanical sources (sickle, and reapers in some areas like region 3)

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31
Q

level of mechanization

more than 92% of the harvesting operations in which regions are done manually

A

region 1, 2 and 3

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32
Q

level of mechanization in threshing

A

intermediate

done by both mechanical and non-mechanical power sources

33
Q

level of mechanization

more than 80% of farms are threshed with _____________ which come in diff sizes and forms

A

axial-flow threshers

34
Q

2 main harvesting equipment

A
  1. hand tools
  2. reapers
35
Q

2 main harvesting equipment

relatively small and handy

A

hand tools

36
Q

2 main harvesting equipment

easy to use since they do not require mechanical manipulations during their operation

A

hand tools

37
Q

2 main harvesting equipment

machines the cut the standing grain crop

A

reapers

38
Q

classification of reapers

A
  1. reaper-windrowers
  2. reaper-binders
39
Q

examples of hand tools

A
  • yatab
  • lingkao
  • scythe
40
Q

cutting mechanisms for harvesters

A
  1. slicing and tearing actions
  2. high velocity, single-element, impact action
  3. double-element, scissor-type action
41
Q

cutting mechanisms for harvesters

results in plant material failure dure to compression, tension or shear

A

slicing and tearing actions

42
Q

slicing action: ______________ blades
______________: rough, serrated-edged blades

A

slicing action: sharp, smooth-edged blades
tearing action: rough, serrated-edged blades

43
Q

cutting mechanisms for harvesters

a high-speed rotary saw is used to cut plant materials

A

high velocity, single element, impact action

44
Q

cutting mechanisms for harvesters

employs shearing action between moving and stationary blades to cut agricultural crops

A

double-element, scissor-type action

45
Q

cutting mechanisms for harvesters

most common cutting mechanism used for reapers and combines

A

double-element, scissor-type action

46
Q

threshing occurs when the applied force on the grains exceeds the sum of the force restraining them

true or false

A

true

47
Q

threshing methods

A
  1. rubbing
  2. impact
  3. stripping
48
Q

threshing methods

grains are pressed against the straws and the threshing flow or mat

A

rubbing action

49
Q

threshing methods

employed in man and animal treading

A

rubbing action

50
Q

threshing methods

grains are accelerated faster then their panicles

A

impact action

51
Q

threshing methods

in rubbing action, the friction should exceed the force holding the grains

true or false

A

true

52
Q

threshing methods

employed in mechanical threshers and the hampasan

A

impact action

53
Q

threshing methods

grains are detached from their panicles when the straw is pulled through a “V” configuration or a comb-like device or vice versa

A

stripping action

54
Q

threshing equipment

employs impact action to detach the grains from the panicles

A

mechanical threshers

55
Q

types of mechanical threshers according to the power source

A
  1. manual thresher (pedal)
  2. power thresher
56
Q

types of mechanical threshers according to the type of feeding

the panicles of the cut crop is fed into the threshing chamber while the stalks are mechanically or manually held during the operation

A

hold-on feeding

57
Q

types of mechanical threshers according to the type of feeding

the grains, together with the straw, are fed into the threshing unit of the machine

A

throw-in feeding

58
Q

types of mechanical threshers according to the type of feeding

requires lower power during the operation

A

hold-on feeding

59
Q

types of mechanical threshers according to the type of feeding

requires high power during the operation

A

throw-in feeding

60
Q

types of mechanical threshers according to the type of feeding

throw-in feeding has lightweight construction

true or false

A

false; it has heavyweight construction

61
Q

types of mechanical threshers according to the type of feeding

employed in pedal thresher

A

hold-on feeding

62
Q

types of mechanical threshers according to the type of feeding

employed in axial flow thresher

A

throw-in feeding

63
Q

types of mechanical threshers according to the flow of threshing materials

A
  1. tangential flow
  2. axial flow
64
Q

types of mechanical threshers according to the flow of threshing materials

materials are fed between the rotating cylinder and stationary concave and go straight out of the thresher chamber tangentially

A

tangential flow

65
Q

types of mechanical threshers according to the flow of threshing materials

allow the cut crop to move in a helical manner around the threshing cylinder with a net effect of moving the threshing materials axially between the feeding and discharge outlet

A

axial flow

66
Q

types of mechanical threshers according to the flow of threshing materials

in axial flow, about 60% of the grains pass through the concave and the rest are separated in subsequent operations

true or false

A

false; that’s in tangential flow

axial flow is 90%

67
Q

types of mechanical threshers according to type of threshing cylinder

A
  1. rasp-bar cylinder
  2. peg-toothed cylinder
  3. wire loop cylinder
68
Q

types of mechanical threshers according to type of threshing cylinder

bar-like protrusions in parallel orientation are laid in the periphery of the cylinder * adopted for a wide variety of crops like peanut and other cereal crops because of its “mild” action

A

rasp-bar cylinder

69
Q

types of mechanical threshers according to type of threshing cylinder

quipped with spikes or pegs on its periphery in tandem or helical arrangement * most common cylinder used by axial flow threshers for rice

A

peg-toothed cylinder

70
Q

types of mechanical threshers according to type of threshing cylinder

wire loops of the same size and arc are attached on the periphery of the cylinder in tandem or staggered arrangement

A

wire-loop cylinder

71
Q

mobile grain harvesting machines for cutting, picking, stripping or picking up crop, threshing, separating, cleaning, and conveying grain into a grain hopper and depositing harvest residue onto the ground.

A

rice combine

72
Q

separation of bulky straw, chaff, empty kernels and very light and fine impurities from the grain employed in strippers

A

grain cleaning

73
Q

accomplished by pneumatic means like the use of blowers or fans aided by oscillating screens and sieves

A

grain cleaning

74
Q

in hold-on threshers, straws do not pass through the thresher and only the removal of the chaff and light materials are needed using blowers and screens

true or false

A

true

75
Q

for throw-in threshers, straws pass through the thresher and ___________ is done using a straw walker, blower and screens.

A

cleaning

76
Q

2 types of rice combine

A
  1. wheeled-type rice combine
  2. track-type rice combine
77
Q

2 types of rice combine

equipped with pneumatic wheels or steel cage wheels

US and european combines

A

wheeled-type rice combine

78
Q

rice combine

  • fitted with full or half tracks instead of pneumatic tires
  • relatively small and light machine
  • particularly useful in fields with relatively soft soil
  • suited in low-land conditions and small farms
A

track-type rice combine

79
Q

local agmech techs

A mango harvester equip with a net at the end
of the pole. Able to reach mango fruits with
minimized or no damaged.

A

BPI Mango Picker

ABE 2 First Exam (11 decks)

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