Module 6 Reading 2II

Question 1

Personality Conception
Includes: dispositional traits, characteristic adaptations, life narratives in evolutionary & cultural context.

Question 2

Key Psychology Perspectives
Evolutionary Psychology:
Focus on evolved human nature (survival, reproduction).
Examines psychological mechanisms (e.g., mate selection, status negotiation).
Cross-Cultural Psychology:
Studies universality of traits (e.g., Five Factor Model) and cultural values.
Indigenous Psychology:
Focus on culture-specific traits vs. universal traits.
Cultural Psychology:
Emphasizes cultural influences on adaptations and life narratives.

Question 3

Historical Overview
Culture & personality field revived recently due to globalization and culture/self research.

Comprehensive Personality
Involves:
Universal human nature, Dispositional traits, Characteristic adaptations, Life narratives.

Question 4

Evolutionary Psychology
Mind = evolved mechanisms for survival.
Cultural differences stem from these mechanisms interacting with the environment.
Example: Mate poaching varies by culture/resources.

Question 5

Mate Selection & Attractiveness:

Attractiveness linked to pathogen resistance (Gangestad, 2006).
Sociosexuality:

Men more promiscuous than women (Schmitt, 2005).

Question 6

Evolutionary Psychology:

Traits vary based on environment (Nettle, 2006).
Extraversion linked to more sexual partners, higher risks (Nettle, 2005).
Trait Dimensions:

Big Five traits affect fitness and vary by culture.

Question 7

Difference-Detecting Mechanisms:

Traits help identify useful individuals (Buss, 1996).
Cross-Cultural Perspectives:

Big Five traits are universal, but cultural expression differs (McCrae, 1996).
Cultural differences in trait emphasis.

Question 8

Cultural Variations:

Indigenous traits reflect culture, not unique traits.
Cultural Psychology:

Self-concept shaped by culture (Markus & Kitayama, 1998).
East Asians show less trait consistency (Schimmack, 2002).

Question 9

Life Narratives & Culture:

Western focus on internal traits; Asians on social context (Wang & Conway, 2004).
Integration:

Traits, culture, and environment co-evolve.