Module 3 1B Flashcards
Module 3 Psychodynamic Approaches - Jung
Carl Jung was a Swiss doctor who worked with schizophrenic patients.
He discovered Freud’s work and became friends with him after a 13-hour meeting.
Freud saw Jung as his successor, and they traveled to the U.S.
Their relationship ended over disagreements about sexual motivation.
Jung became president of the International Psychoanalytic Association in 1910.
By 1914, their relationship was over.
Talks to a “woman from within,” realizing his work is art.
Jung saw the libido as a creative force for personal growth.
Motivation comes from basic drives and inherited emotional experiences.
Personality includes:
Conscious ego: Sense of self.
Personal unconscious: Memories and experiences.
Collective unconscious: Shared ancestral experiences, key to personality development.
Archetypes are inherited emotional responses to certain experiences.
They are ancient images from the collective unconscious, influencing behavior and dreams.
Archetypes are the psychic counterpart to instincts.
Magician: Sorcerer, trickster.
Anima/Animus: Female in men, male in women.
Child-God: Elf, fairy.
Mother: Wise grandmother, Virgin Mary.
Hero: King, savior.
Demon: Satan, vampire.
Shadow: Dark side, evil twin.
Persona: Social mask.
Archetypes:
Great Mother: Nurturing + destructive (e.g., tree, godmother).
Wise Old Man: Wisdom, guidance (e.g., father, guru).
Hero: Struggles with flaws (e.g., Achilles, Superman).
Self: Wholeness, symbolized by the mandala.
Causality & Teleology: Past causes + future goals.
Progression & Regression: Adapting outward (progression) vs. inward (regression).
Dreams restore psychological balance and psychic equilibrium.
Jung viewed dreams as expressions of archetypes from the collective unconscious.
Dreams reveal underdeveloped aspects of the psyche.
Symbols are unique to each individual and must be interpreted in context.
Here are some possible quick associations:
Head → Brain
Window → Glass
To prick → Needle
White → Snow
Cow → Milk
Green → Grass
Friendly → Kind
Pity → Sympathy
Child → Play
Friend → Support
Water → Ocean
Blue → Sky
Yellow → Sun
Pencil → Write
Happiness → Smile
To sing → Music
Lamp → Light
Mountain → Peak
Sad → Cry
Lie → Truth
Death → End
To sin → Guilt
Frog → Pond
Plum → Fruit
Narrow → Passage
Ship → Ocean
Bread → Butter
To part → Goodbye
To marry → Wedding
Brother → Sibling
To pay → Cash
Rich → Wealth
Hunger → Food
To wash → Clean
To fear → Dread
Jung defined a complex as emotionally charged thoughts and feelings around a theme.
Complexes can cause imbalance in the mind.
The word association test identified emotional responses to specific words.
These responses helped uncover a person’s complexes.
Word Association: Aimed to uncover feeling-toned complexes.
Procedure: Respond to 100 words; record reactions.
Indicators: Delayed responses, stammering, body changes.
Jung saw personality growth as a process, with middle age crucial for individuation.
Individuation involves balancing and integrating all parts of the self, including the unconscious and anima/animus.
Middle age is when conflicting forces are synthesized for personal transformation.
Jung’s ideas influenced psychology, religion, philosophy, and popular culture.
Jung’s personality types combine attitudes (extraversion/introversion) with functions (thinking, feeling, sensing, intuition).
Extraversion: outward focus, objective.
Introversion: inward focus, subjective.
Thinking: logical, intellectual.
Feeling: evaluative.
Sensing: physical perception.
Intuition: beyond conscious awareness, gut feelings.
Extraversion and introversion are opposites but coexist within everyone.
One attitude is usually conscious, the other unconscious.
People tend to favor one attitude but can use both.
Functions (thinking, feeling, sensing, intuition) rank in importance.
Maturity involves balancing both attitudes and functions.
Jung’s theory influenced personality psychology, but empirical research is limited.
Most research focuses on his personality types.
MBTI is based on Jung’s types, adding judging and perceiving to create 16 types.
Research shows thinking and judging types may excel in management.
Recent studies suggest feeling preferences are valued in business for qualities like consensus building.
The MBTI is popular and influential, shaping public views on personality.
Critiques:
Claims to measure a “true type,” implying personality features are fixed, which is debatable.
Suggests personality is inborn and categorical, but no clear evolutionary basis for 16 types.
Trait theories view personality on a continuum, not in discrete types.
Evidence for MBTI reliability is mixed.
Popularity may be due to biases like essentialism and personal validation fallacy.
Evaluating Jung’s Theory: See them
Stages of Life
Childhood = Chaotic (anarchic), ego develops (monarchic), ego recognizes self (dualistic).
Youth = Independence, facing reality, avoiding past values.
Middle Life = Let go of past ideals for growth.
Old Age = Acceptance of death, spiritual peace.
Self-Realization
Integrate opposites (e.g., ego & unconscious).
Achieve balance in functions and personality.
Jung’s Methods
Combines psychology with other fields.
Uses word association, dream analysis, psychotherapy.
Dream Analysis (Jung)
Dreams reflect unconscious material symbolically.
Disagreed with Freud’s sexual focus in dreams.
Goal: Uncover personal & collective unconscious, aid self-realization.
Types: Big dreams, typical dreams, earliest childhood dreams.
Active Imagination
Technique: Engage with unconscious through dreams, visions, fantasies.
Goal: Reveal and integrate archetypal images.
Involves following images to develop deeper awareness.
Psychotherapy (Jung)
4 stages: Confession, interpretation, social education, transformation.
Focus: Individuation & balance between unconscious and conscious.
Therapist’s transformation is key.
Uses transference/countertransference.
Goal: Help patients find meaning & self-realization.
Concept of Humanity
Motivation: Mix of conscious, unconscious, and ancestral.
Opposites: People have opposing traits (e.g., introversion/extraversion).
Individuation: Integration of opposites to become whole.
Cultural Universality: Collective unconscious is universal, biological over social.
