Module 6 Quiz Questions Flashcards
What is an Haversian canal (central canal)?
A tiny channel running through compact bone that carries small blood vessels and nerves. Around these canals are concentric lamellae.
Describe the function of the osteoclasts.
Function to remove bone during remodeling. They secrete digestive enzymes and acids to attack the bone.
What is meant by bone remodeling?
The constant replacement of old bone with new bone.
Identify the function of the skeletal system?
Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell production, storage of energy
Name the 2 types of ossification and give an example of a bone in which each process occurs.
Intramembranous: mandible and flat skull bones.
Endochondral: tibia, base of skull, and most bones of the body.
List several factors required for bone remodeling.
Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamins D A C B12, growth hormone, sex hormones
What are secondary ossification centres?
Develop in the epiphyses and lay down spongy bone, infiltrated by blood vessels.
What are canaliculi?
Are minute channels radiating out from the lacunae that contain cytoplasmic projections from the osteocytes. Canaliculi connect osteocytes in the lacunae with each other and with the central canals.
Which 2 hormones regulate CA homeostasis?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands and calcitonin from the thyroid gland.
What substances make up the intercellular materials of bone?
Consist mostly of mineral salts (calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate), mainly collagen fibers, and water.
Name the structure primarily involved in the increase in the length of long bones.
Epiphyseal plate (line)
What structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood, and to shape the articular surfaces?
Epiphyseal plate
The skeleton functions as:
A calcium storage area, to transmit forces to do work, support for body soft tissue, and protection for internal organs.
What cells are unspecialized and derived from mesenchyme, which develop into osteoblasts?
Osteoprogenitor
Which porting of an endochondral bone is the last to ossify?
Epiphysis
