Medical Terminology And Conditions Flashcards
Abrasion
A portion of the epidermis that has been scraped away.
Athletes feet
A superficial infection of the skin if the foot
Blister
A collection of serous fluid within the epidermis or between the epidermis and dermis, due to short-term but severe friction.
Cold sore (fever blister)
A lesion, usually in the oral mucous membrane, caused by type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV) transmitted by oral or respiratory routes. The virus remains dormant until triggered by factors such as ultraviolet light, hormonal changes, and emotional stress.
Contact dermatitis
Inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, itching, and swelling and caused by exposure of the skin to chemicals that bring about an allergic reaction, such as poison ivy toxin.
Corn
A painful thickening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis found principally over toe joints and between the toes, often caused by friction or pressure. Corns may be hard or soft, depending on their location. Hard corns are usually found over toe joints, and soft corns are usually found between the 4th and 5th toes.
Frostbite
Local destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue on exposed surfaces as a result of extreme cold. In mild cases, the skin is blue and swollen and there is slight pain. In severe cases there is considerable swelling, some bleeding, no pain, and blistering. If untreated, gangrene may develop. Frost bite is treated by rapid rewarming.
Hemangioma
Localized tumour of the skin and subcutaneous layer that result from an abnormal increase in blood vessels. 1 type is a port wine stain, a flat pink, red or purple lesion present at birth, usually at the nape of the neck.
Hives
Skin condition marked by reddened elevated patches that are often itchy. Most commonly caused by infections, physical trauma, medications, emotional stress, food additives, and certain food allergies.
Impetigo
Superficial skin infection caused by staphylococcus bacteria; most common in children.
Intradermal (intracutaneous)
Within the skin
Keloid
An elevated, irregular darkened area of excess scar tissue caused by collagen formation during healing. It extends beyond the original injury and is tender and frequently painful. It occurs in the dermis and underlying subcutaneous tissue. Usually after trauma, surgery, a burn, or severe acne; more common in people of African descent.
Keratosis
Formation of a hardened growth of epidermal tissue, such as a solar keratosis, a premalignant lesion of the sun-exposed skin of the face and hands.
Laceration
An irregular tear of the skin.
Psoriasis
A common, chronic skin disorder in which keratinocytes divide and move more quickly than normal from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum and form flakey scales, most often on the knees, elbows and scalp.
Pruritus
Itching, one of the most common dermatological disorders. It may be caused by skin disorders (infections), systemic disorders (cancer, kidney failure), psychogenic factors (emotional stress), or allergic reactions.
Topical
Refers to a medication applied to the skin surface rather than ingested or injected.
Wart
Mass produced by controlled growth of epithelial skin cells, caused by a papillomavirus. Most warts are noncancerous.
Bunion
A deformity of the great toe that typically is caused by wearing tightly fitting shoes. The condition produces inflammation of bursae (fluid-filled sacs at the joint), bone spurs and calluses.
Chiropractic/chiropractor
A holistic health-care discipline that focuses on nerves, muscles, and bones. A health care professional who is concerned with the diagnoses, treatment, and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system and the effects they have on the nervous system and health in general.
Clawfoot
A condition in which the medial part of the longitudinal arch is abnormally elevated. It is often caused by muscle deformities such as may result from diabetes.
Kyphosis
An exaggeration of the thoracic curve of the vertebral column. In the elderly, degeneration of the intervertebral discs leads to kyphosis; it may also be caused by osteoporosis, rockets and poor posture (hunchback).
Lordosis (lord=bent backward)
An exaggeration of the lumbar curve of the vertebral column, also called hollow back. It may result from increased weight of the abdomen (pregnancy/obesity), poor posture, rickets, or TB of the spine.
Osteoarthritis (arthr=joint)
The degeneration of articular cartilage such that the bony ends touch; the resulting friction of bone against bone worsens the condition. Usually associated with the elderly.
Osteogenic sarcoma (sarcoma=connective tissue tumor)
Bone cancer that primarily affects osteoblasts and occurs most often in teenagers during their growth spurt;the most common sites are the metaphyses of the femur, tibia, and humerus. Metastases occur most often in lungs; treatment consists of multidrug chemotherapy and removal of the malignant growth, or amputation of the limb.
Osteomyelitis
An infection of bone characterized by high fever, sweating, chills, pain, nausea, pus formation, edema and warmth over the affected bone and rigid overlying muscles. Bacteria, usually staphylococcus aureus. (Bacteria entering open wounds)
Osteopenia (penis=poverty)
Reduced bone mass due to a decrease in the rate of bone synthesis to a level insufficient to compensate for normal bone resorption; any decrease in bone mass below normal (an ex of osteoporosis).
Scoliosis (scolio=crooked)
A sideways bending of the vertebral column, usually in the thoracic region. It may result from congenitally (present at birth) malformed vertebrae, chronic sciatica, paralysis of muscles on one side of the vertebral column, poor posture, or one leg being shorter than the other.
Whiplash injury
Injury to the neck region due to severe hyperextension (backward tilting) of the head followed by severe hyperflexion (forward tilting) of the head, usually associated with a rear-end collision.
Bursitis
An acute or chronic inflammation of a bursa, ex: in the shoulder and knee.
Rotator cuff injury
A strain or tear in the rotator cuff muscles
A separated shoulder
An I jury of the acromioclavicular joint, the joint formed by the acromion of the scapula and the acromial end of the clavicle
Tennis elbow
Most commonly refers to pain at or near the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (usually caused by an improper backhand)
Little League elbow
Is an inflammation of the medial epicondyle and typically develops because of a heaving pitching schedule (especially in youngsters)
A dislocation of the radial head (the most common upper limb dislocation in children)
The head of the radius slides past or ruptures the ligament that forms a collar around the head of the radius at the proximal radioulnar joint
A dislocated knee
Refers to the displacement of the tibia relative to the femur
Rheumatism
Is any painful disorder of the supporting structures of the body - bones, ligaments, tendons, or muscles - that is not caused by infection or injury
Arthritis
Is a form of rheumatism in which the joints are swollen, stuff, and painful
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system of the body attacks its own tissues - in this case, its own cartilage and joint linings
Osteoarthritis
Is a degenerative joint disease in which joint cartilage is gradually lost.
Strikes the larger joints first (knees, hips) where as rheumatoid arthritis strikes the smaller joints first (fingers).
Arthralgia
Pain in a joint
Bursectomy
Removal of a bursa
Chondritis
Inflammation of cartilage
Dislocation
The displacement of a bone from a joint with the tearing of ligaments, tendons and articular cartilage. A partial or incomplete dislocation is called a subluxation.
Synovitis
Inflammation of a synovial membrane in a joint
Hypertonia
Increased muscle tone, characterized by increased muscle stiffness and sometimes associated with a change in normal reflexes.
Hypotonia
Decreased or lost muscle tone
Muscle strain
Tearing of a muscle because of forceful impact, accompanied by bleeding and severe pain. Also known as a Charley horse or pulled muscle.
Myalgia
Pain in or associated with muscles
Myoma
A tumor consisting of muscular tissue
Myomalacia
Pathological softening of muscle tissue
Myositis
Inflammation of muscle fibres (cells)
Myotonia
Increased muscular excitability and contractility, with decreased power of relaxation; tonic spasm of the muscle.
