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Psychology 1001 > Module 6: Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Module 6: Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

suggests that past trauma can continue to cause emotional distress if the memory of that trauma is not fully processed; model of PTSD

A

Adaptive information processcing model of PTSD

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2
Q

anxiety disorder characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack

A

agoraphobia

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3
Q

one of the four categories of PTSD symptoms; include irritability or aggression, increased risk taking, hyper vigilance, jumpiness, and difficulty with concentration or sleep

A

alterations in arousal and reactivity

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4
Q

characterized by lack of regard for others rights, impulsivity, decietfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

A

antisocial personality disorder

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5
Q

chracterized by excessive and persistent fear and anxiety, and by related disturbances in behavior

A

anxiety disorder

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6
Q

childhood disorder charcterized by inattentiveness and/or hyperactive, impulsive behaviour

A

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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7
Q

describes behaviours or feelings that deviate from the norm

A

atypical

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8
Q

childhood disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, and repeptitive patterns of behavior or interests

A

autism spectrum disorder

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9
Q

one of the four categories of PTSD symptoms; occur when the individual avoids stimuli or thoughts and feelings associated with the trauma

A

avoidance symptoms

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10
Q

group of mood disorders in which mania is the defining feature

A

bipolar and related disorders

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11
Q

mood disorder characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

A

bipolar disorder

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12
Q

involves excessive preoccupation with an imagined defect in physical appearance

A

body dysmorphic disorder

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13
Q

instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood, as well as impulsivity; key feature include intolerance of being alone and fear of abandonment, unstable relationships, unpredictable behaviour and moods, and intense and innapropriate anger

A

borderline personality disorder

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14
Q

decreased reactivity to the environment; includes posturing and catatonic stupor

A

catatonic behaviour

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15
Q

co-occurence of two disorders in the same individual

A

comorbidity

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16
Q

a varaint of PTSD included in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) but it has yet to be included in the DSM

A

complex PTSD (C-PTSD)

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17
Q

belief that is contrary to reality and is firmly held, despite contradictory evidence

A

delusion

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18
Q

dissociative disorder in which people feel detached from the self (depersonalization), and the world feels artificial and unreal (derealization)

A

depersonalization/derealization disorder

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19
Q

one of a group of mood disorders in which depression is a defining feature

A

depressive disorder

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20
Q

determination of which disorder a set of symptoms represents

A

diagnosis

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21
Q

authoritative index of mental disorders and the criteria for their diagnosis; published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA)

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)

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22
Q

suggests that people with a predispostition for aa disorder (a diathesis) are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress; model of psychopathy

A

diathesis-stress model

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23
Q

disjointed and incoherent thought processes, ususally detected by what a person says

A

disorganized thinking

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24
Q

highly unusal behaviours and movements (such as child-like behaviours), repeated and purposeless movements, and displaying odd facial expressions and gesture

A

disorganized/abnormal motor behaviour

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25
Q

dissociative disorder chraxterized by an inablity to recall important personal information, usually following an extremely stressful or traumatic experience

A

dissociative amnesia

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26
Q

group of DSM-5 disorders in which the primary feature is that a person becomes dissociated, or split off, from their core sense of self, resulting in disturbances in identity and memory.

A

dissociative disorders

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27
Q

symptom of dissociative amnesia in which a person suddenly wanders away from ones home and experiences confusion about his or her identity

A

dissociative fugue

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28
Q

dissociative disorder (formerly known as multiple personality disorder) in which a person exhibits two or more distinct, well-defined personaliites or identitiies and experiences memory gaps for the time during which another identity emerged

A

dissociative identity disorder

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29
Q

theory od schizophrenia that proposes that an overabundance of dopamine or dopamine receptors is responsible for the onset and maintenance of schizophrenia

A

dopamine hypothesis

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30
Q

cause or causes of a psychological disorder

A

etiology

31
Q

psychological state lasting from a few seconds to several days, during ehich one relives a traumatic event and behvaes as though the event were occuring at that moment

A

flashback

32
Q

symptom of mania that involves an abruptly switching in conversation from one topic to another

A

flight of ideas

33
Q

characterized by a continuous state of excessive, uncontrollable, and pointless worry and apprehension

A

generalized anxiety disorder

34
Q

characterized by beliefs that one holds special power, unique knowledge, or is extremely important

A

grandoise delusion

35
Q

perceptual experience that occurs in the absence of external stimulation, such as auditory ————– (hearing voices), common to schizophrenia

A

hallucination

36
Q

model of psychological disorders resulting from the inability of an internal mechanism to perform its natural function

A

harmful dysfunction

37
Q

characterized by persistent difficulty in parting with posessions regardless of their actual value/usefulness

A

hoarding disorder

38
Q

cognitive theory of depression proposing that a style of thinking that perceives negative life events as having stable and global causes leads to a sense of hopelessness and then to depression

A

hopelessness theory

39
Q

one of the four categories of PTSD symptoms; occur when traumatic event is re-expeirenced through memories, nightmares, flashbacks, and emotional or physical reactivity after exposure to stimuli associated with the truama

A

intrusion symptoms

40
Q

authoritative index of mental and physical diseases, including infectious diseases, and the criteria for their diagnosis; published by the World Health Organization (WHO)

A

International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

41
Q

suggests that some symptoms are developed and maintained through classical conditioning; model of PTSD

A

Learning and Cognitive Processing Model of PTSD

42
Q

area of the brainstem that contains norephinephrine, a neurotransmitter that triggers the bodys fight or flight response; has been implicated in panic disorder

A

locus coeruleus

43
Q

commonly reffered to as “depression” or “major depression”, characterized by sadness or loss of pleasure in usual activities, as well as other symptoms

A

major depressive disorder

44
Q

state of extreme elation or agitation

A

mania

45
Q

period in which an individual experiences mania, characterized by extremely cheerful and euphoric modd, excessive talkativeness, irritablility, increased activity levels, and other symptoms

A

manic episode

46
Q

one of a group of disorders charcterized by severe disturbances in mood and emotions; the categories of mood disorders listed in the DSM-5 are bipolar and related disorders and depressive disorders

A

mood disorder

47
Q

one of the four categories of PTSD symptoms; involve pervasive negative mood, feelings os isolation, extreme negative beliefs about the self or the world, and problems with memory, often specific to truama related memories

A

negative alteration in cognitions and mood

48
Q

charcterized by decreaases and absences in certain normal behaviours, emotions, or drives, such as expressionless face, lack of motivation to engage in activities, reduced speech, lack of social engagement, and inability to experience pleasure

A

negative symptom

49
Q

one of the disorders that are first diagnosed in childhood and involve developmental problems in academic, intellectual, and social functioning

A

neurodevelopmental disorder

50
Q

group of overlapping disorders listed in the DSM-5 that involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and/or repetitive behaviours

A

obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

51
Q

charcaterized by the tendency yo experience intrusive and unwanted thoughts and urges (obsession) and/or need to engage in repetitiive behaviouts or mental acts (compulsions) in response to the unwanted thoughts and urges

A

obsessive compulsive disorder

52
Q

area of the frontal lobe involved in learning and decision making

A

orbitofrontal cortex

53
Q

period of extreme fear or discomfort that devlops abruptly; symptoms of panic attacks are both physiological and psychological

A

panic attack

54
Q

anxiety disorder charcterized by unexpected panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behaviour related to the attacks

A

panic disorder

55
Q

characterized by beliefs that others are out to harm them

A

paranoid delusion

56
Q

subtype of depression that applies to those who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth

A

peripartum onset

57
Q

depressive disorder characterized by a chronically sad and melancholy mood

A

peristent depressive disorder

58
Q

group of DSM-5 diorders charcterized by an inflexible pervasive personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of ones culture and causes distress and impairment; people with these disorders have a personalitu style that frequently brings them into conflict with others and disrupts their ability to develop and maintain social realtionships

A

personality disorder

59
Q

experiencing a profundly traumatic event leads to a constellation of symptoms that include intrusive and distressing memories of the event, avoidance of stimuli connected to the event, negative emotional states, feelings of detachment from others, irritablility, proness towards outburts, hypervigilance, and a tendency to startle easily; these symptoms must occcur for at least one month

A

post traumatic stress disorder PTSD

60
Q

in schizophrenia, one of the early minor symptoms of psychosis

A

prodromal symptom

61
Q

condition charcterized by abmormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviours

A

psychological disorder

62
Q

study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, causes, and treatment; manifestation of a psychological disorder

A

psychopathology

63
Q

in depression, tendency to repetitiively and passively dwell on ones depressed symptoms, their meanings, and their consequences

A

rumination

64
Q

mental and behaviour acts designed to reduce anxiety in social sitautions by reducing the chance of negative social outcomes; common in social anxiety disorder

A

safety behaviour

65
Q

severe disorder characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior with symptoms that include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and negative symptoms

A

schizophrenia

66
Q

subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular part of the year

A

seasonal pattern

67
Q

charcterized by extreme and persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations in which one could potentially be evaluated negatively by others

A

social anxiety disorder

68
Q

belief that something highly unusual is happening to ones body or internal organs

A

somatic delusion

69
Q

anxiety disorder charcterized by excessive, distressing, and peristent fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation

A

specific phobia

70
Q

thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about ot planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt

A

suicidal ideation

71
Q

death caused by intentional, self-directed injurious behaviour

A

suicide

72
Q

describes a force beyond scientific understanding

A

supernatural

73
Q

one of the fluid-filled cavaties of the brain

A

ventricle

Psychology 1001 (7 decks)

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