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Psychology 1001 > Module 1: Language and Intelligence > Flashcards

Module 1: Language and Intelligence Flashcards

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1
Q

Problem solving strategy characterized by a specific set of instructions.

A

algorithm

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2
Q

type of intelligence

aligned with academic problem-solving and computations

A

analytical intelligence

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3
Q

faulty heuristic in which you fixate on a single aspect of a problem to find a solution

A

anchoring bias

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4
Q

concept that is defined by a very specific set of characteristics

A

artificial concept

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5
Q

faulty heuristic in which you make a decsion based on information readily available to you

A

availibilty heuristic

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6
Q

thinking, including perception, learning, problem solving, judgement, and memory

A

cognition

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7
Q

field of psychology dedicated to studying every aspect of how people think

A

cognitive psychology

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8
Q

set of behaviours that are performed the same way each time, can feel like a routine

also referred to as an event schema

A

cognitive script

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9
Q

category or grouping of linguistic information, objects, ideas, or life experiences

A

concept

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10
Q

faulty heuristic; the tenency to focus on information that confirms your existing beliefs

A

confirmation bias

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11
Q

type of thinking

providing correct or established answers to problems

A

convergent thinking

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12
Q

type of intelligence

ability to produce new ideas, products, or inventing a new, novel solution to a problem

A

creative intelligence

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13
Q

ability to generate, create, or discover new ideas, solutions, and possibilites.

A

creativity

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14
Q

type of intelligence

characterized by acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it. when you learn, remember, and recall information, you are using this type of intelligence.

A

crystallized intelligence

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15
Q

type of intelligence

ability with which people can undersatnd and relate to those in another culture

A

cultural intelligence

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16
Q

applying general rules to specific observations to solve a problem

A

deductive reasoning

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17
Q

type of thinking

ability to think outside the box to arrive at novel solutions to a problem

A

divergent thinking

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18
Q

type of intelligence

ability to understand emotions and motivations of yourself and others

A

emotional intelligence

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19
Q

set of behaviours that are perfoemed the same way each time

also referred to as a cognitive script

A

event schema

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20
Q

type of intelligence

ability to see complex relationships and solve problems

A

fluid intelligence

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21
Q

observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous

A

Flynn effect

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22
Q

inability to see an object as useful for any other use other than the one for which it was intended

A

functional fixedness

23
Q

set of rues that are used to convey meaning through the use of a lexicon

A

grammar

24
Q

mental shorcut that saves time when solving a problem

A

heuristic

25
Q

belief that the event just experienced was predictable even though it really wasnt

A

hindsight bias

26
Q

drawing general conclusions for specific observations

A

inductive reasoning

27
Q

score on a test designed to measure intelligence

A

intelligence quotient (IQ)

28
Q

communication system that involves using words to transmit information from one indivdual to another

A

language

29
Q

the words of a given language

A

lexicon

30
Q

continually using an old solution to a problem without results

A

mental set

31
Q

smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning

A

morpheme

32
Q

Gardner’s theory that each person possesses at least 8 types of intelligence

A

Multiple Intelligences Theory

33
Q

mental groupings that are created “naturally” through your experiences

A

natural concept

34
Q

administering a test to a large population so data can be collected to reference the normal scores for a population and its groups

A

norming

35
Q

extension of a rule that exists in a given language to an exception to the rule. Often seen in young children “mooses”

A

overgeneralization

36
Q

basic sound unit of a given language

A

phoneme

37
Q

type of intelligence

also referred to as “street smarts”

A

practical intelligence

38
Q

method for solving problems

A

problem-solving strategy

39
Q

best representation of a concept

A

prototype

40
Q

each persons response to the environment is unique based on his or her genetic make-up

A

range of reaction

41
Q

faulty heuristic in which you stereotype someone or something without a valid basis for your judgment

A

representative bias

42
Q

subset of the population that accurately represents the general population

A

representaative sample

43
Q
A
44
Q

set of expectations that define the behaviours of a person occupying a particular role

A

role schema

45
Q

mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts

A

schema

plural = schemata

46
Q

process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words

A

semantics

47
Q

measure of variability that describes the difference between a set of scores and their mean

A

standard deviation

48
Q

method of testing in which administration, scoring, and interpretation of results are consistent

A

standardization

49
Q

performance decrements that are caused by the knowledge of cultural stereotypes

A

stereotype threat

50
Q

manner by which words are organized into sentences

A

syntax

51
Q

problem-solving strategy in which multiple solutions are attempted until the correct one is found

A

trial and error

52
Q

Sternbergs theory of intelligence; 3 facets of intelligence: practical, creative, and analytical

A

triarchic theory of intelligence

53
Q

heuristic in which you begin to solve a problem by focusing on the end result

A

working backwards

Psychology 1001 (7 decks)

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