Module 1: Language and Intelligence Flashcards
Problem solving strategy characterized by a specific set of instructions.
algorithm
type of intelligence
aligned with academic problem-solving and computations
analytical intelligence
faulty heuristic in which you fixate on a single aspect of a problem to find a solution
anchoring bias
concept that is defined by a very specific set of characteristics
artificial concept
faulty heuristic in which you make a decsion based on information readily available to you
availibilty heuristic
thinking, including perception, learning, problem solving, judgement, and memory
cognition
field of psychology dedicated to studying every aspect of how people think
cognitive psychology
set of behaviours that are performed the same way each time, can feel like a routine
also referred to as an event schema
cognitive script
category or grouping of linguistic information, objects, ideas, or life experiences
concept
faulty heuristic; the tenency to focus on information that confirms your existing beliefs
confirmation bias
type of thinking
providing correct or established answers to problems
convergent thinking
type of intelligence
ability to produce new ideas, products, or inventing a new, novel solution to a problem
creative intelligence
ability to generate, create, or discover new ideas, solutions, and possibilites.
creativity
type of intelligence
characterized by acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it. when you learn, remember, and recall information, you are using this type of intelligence.
crystallized intelligence
type of intelligence
ability with which people can undersatnd and relate to those in another culture
cultural intelligence
applying general rules to specific observations to solve a problem
deductive reasoning
type of thinking
ability to think outside the box to arrive at novel solutions to a problem
divergent thinking
type of intelligence
ability to understand emotions and motivations of yourself and others
emotional intelligence
set of behaviours that are perfoemed the same way each time
also referred to as a cognitive script
event schema
type of intelligence
ability to see complex relationships and solve problems
fluid intelligence
observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous
Flynn effect
inability to see an object as useful for any other use other than the one for which it was intended
functional fixedness
set of rues that are used to convey meaning through the use of a lexicon
grammar
mental shorcut that saves time when solving a problem
heuristic
belief that the event just experienced was predictable even though it really wasnt
hindsight bias
drawing general conclusions for specific observations
inductive reasoning
score on a test designed to measure intelligence
intelligence quotient (IQ)
communication system that involves using words to transmit information from one indivdual to another
language
the words of a given language
lexicon
continually using an old solution to a problem without results
mental set
smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning
morpheme
Gardner’s theory that each person possesses at least 8 types of intelligence
Multiple Intelligences Theory
mental groupings that are created “naturally” through your experiences
natural concept
administering a test to a large population so data can be collected to reference the normal scores for a population and its groups
norming
extension of a rule that exists in a given language to an exception to the rule. Often seen in young children “mooses”
overgeneralization
basic sound unit of a given language
phoneme
type of intelligence
also referred to as “street smarts”
practical intelligence
method for solving problems
problem-solving strategy
best representation of a concept
prototype
each persons response to the environment is unique based on his or her genetic make-up
range of reaction
faulty heuristic in which you stereotype someone or something without a valid basis for your judgment
representative bias
subset of the population that accurately represents the general population
representaative sample
set of expectations that define the behaviours of a person occupying a particular role
role schema
mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts
schema
plural = schemata
process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words
semantics
measure of variability that describes the difference between a set of scores and their mean
standard deviation
method of testing in which administration, scoring, and interpretation of results are consistent
standardization
performance decrements that are caused by the knowledge of cultural stereotypes
stereotype threat
manner by which words are organized into sentences
syntax
problem-solving strategy in which multiple solutions are attempted until the correct one is found
trial and error
Sternbergs theory of intelligence; 3 facets of intelligence: practical, creative, and analytical
triarchic theory of intelligence
heuristic in which you begin to solve a problem by focusing on the end result
working backwards
