Module 6 - Intelligence Flashcards
What is intelligence
- Application of cognitive skills and knowledge to learn, solve problems and obtain goals valued by self or culture.
- It is multifaceted and culturally influenced and defined.
What is intellectual disability
Significantly below average general functioning – IQ less than 70. Deficits first appear in childhood and affect more than one domain.
What are assumptions of intelligence tests
· Native language familiarity
· Cultural references and practices
· Test taking experience
· Motivation to achieve
· State of mind (not distracted, hungry etc)
· Familiarity with expected form of answers
Problems with IQ tests
· Validity – design assumptions match the test takers
· Interpretation – marginalised groups perform worse because of design if not standardised
· Social and policy problems – education and wealth affect IQ
What is the two factor theory of intelligence
General Intelligence (g factor) – is shared across domains (involves working memory and frontal cortex
Specific Intelligence (s factor) – explains differences eg someone better at maths than reading
What is Gf-Gc theory of intelligence
Two types of General intelligence
· Fluid intelligence – info processing, problem solving, pattern recognition. Falls over lifetime. WM
· Crystalised intelligence – store of knowledge like vocab and world knowledge. Rises over lifetime. LTM
· Also includes measures of WM, LTM, visual & auditory processing, mathematical etc
What is the information processing approach of intelligence
Looks not just how intelligent but why
* Speed of processing
* Knowledge base
* Cognitive strategies applied
What are environmental factors that affect intelligence
- Education - high
- Childhood nutrition
- Stress/Danger
- Early intervention in developmental delays - high
- Higher parental age
- Expose to toxic chemicals - high
- Stimulating environment
