Module 6: Adolescence

Question 1

True or false? It is not unusual for adolescent girls to continue growing until age 18.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Which eating disorder, Anorexia Nervosa or Bulimia Nervosa, tends to start at a younger age?

Answer 2

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 3

What is the average age for the pubertal growth spurt for girls in North America?

Answer 3

10

Question 4

At what age do most girls in North America finish growing?

Answer 4

16

Question 5

True or false? Most adults and adolescents never achieve Piaget’s final stage of cognitive development, using Piaget’s original methodology

Answer 5

true

Question 6

Identify which of the following identity statuses would best describe the individual, in terms of occupational identity: Identity Diffusion, Identity Moratorium, Identity Foreclosure, Identity Achieved.
Liz, a junior in high school, has been so busy with sports and other activities that she hasn’t given much thought to whether she’ll be attending college or working after high school. She’s really not sure whether skills and interests are beyond her day-to-day activities in high school.

Answer 6

Identity Diffusion

Question 7

Identify which of the following identity statuses would best describe the individual, in terms of occupational identity: Identity Diffusion, Identity Moratorium, Identity Foreclosure, Identity Achieved.
Jen has switched her college major three times. Right now, she’s working with the career counseling center to really get a good handle on what she’d like to do in the future.

Answer 7

Identity Moratorium

Question 8

True or false? The majority of completed suicides occur with a firearm.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Be sure to number your answers.
Nathan has always been fairly well-behaved, but he suddenly begins shoplifting. His teachers feel that he’s not focusing on his schoolwork like he used to—he seems distracted and restless. Instead of hanging out with his friends, he now keeps to himself. Is Nathan at risk for a suicide attempt? Why or why not?

Answer 9

Yes . Depression is a risk factor , as is a change in school performance .

Yes ! Nathan is a risk of a suicide attempt because he is showing signs of being depressed which is a mental health issue that results in persistent feeling of sadness and him not being interested in activities he used to be interested in . If Nathan is going through depression , isolating himself instead of hanging out with friends etc. . he is very much at high risk to attempt suicide or go through with it .

Question 10

Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Be sure to number your answers. According to Piaget, how should adolescents work through the pendulum problem? Be detailed in your answer. Also, be sure to discuss the variables that might affect pendulum speed, and use Piaget’s terminology for this stage.

Answer 10

Answers need to incorporate the following: adolescents need to work logically and systematically, use hypothetico-deductive reasoning, test 4 hypotheses—height, weight, string length, force, and hold variables constant while testing one.

According to Piaget, Adolecents should work through the pendulum problem systematically like a scientist determining what might affect the speed in which the pendulum swings. Using the four hypothesis of:
1. length of string
2. weight of object
3. height of the object
4. The force exerted
He expected that they would have a constant for example the length of the string and the other variables weight, height and force will be used to deduce what kind of change occurred as the variables were changed. If they did the experiment systematically like a scientist, they have attained the hypothetico-detective reasoning. The ability to think logically and abstractly.

Question 11

Short essay questions should be answered in full sentences. Be sure to number your answers. Do individuals with anorexia nervosa engage in purging behaviors? Explain

Answer 11

Yes, if they have the binge eating/purging subtype of the disorder.

Your Answer : Yes ! Some individuals with anorexia nervosa also engage in purging behaviors because there are two distinct kinds of anorexia nervosa eating disorder which are : The Restrictive Type who are more concerned with starving themselves by staying away from food , doing rigorous exercises and counting calories and portions strictly . They do not engage in binge - eating and purging . The other type of anorexia nervosa eating disorder is The Binge - Eating / Purging Type , one in which the anorexic individual binge - eats and compensates by purging by either vomiting or using laxatives like diuretics and enemas to get rid of the food so as not to gain weight which results in them dangerously being underweight and unhealthy . So yes some individuals with anorexia nervosa engage in purging . Yes , if they have the binge eating / purging subtype of the disorder .

Question 12

Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Be sure to number your answers. What is the “imaginary audience” during adolescence?

Answer 12

The belief that adolescents may have, that everyone is paying attention to them and watching them.

The “imaginary audience” during adolescence is the behavior that occurs when the adolescence has been able to attain the level of thinking abstractly. The ability to think abstractly causes them to develop an imaginary audience were they believed they are being watched. This usually affects their self esteem and gives them a sense of self consciousness because they believe they are being followed around and watched like on a stage or in the movies.

Question 13

In the module, you read an APA article on early puberty. It discussed thedifficulties of early puberty in terms of:-fitting in with peers-experiencing social pressures-the role of unstable environments-recommendations for helping with pubertal transitions
Choose three of the above areas, and: 1) Summarize what the article says about each area and 2) Describe in detail your reaction to what the article said about this area.

Answer 13

Answer: 3 points for descriptions of each area—1.5 points for the summary and 1.5 points for the response. 1 point overall for clarity of writing. Descriptions from each area should include the following: Fitting in: Challenges with looking different from one’s peers, and affects disproportionately more difficult for girls. Social pressures: Peers and adults treating early maturing kids differently, hanging out with older friends. Unstable environments: Early life stress, absent fathers, conflict, and low SES are all associated with early puberty. Some difficulty untangling environmental and genetic causes. Recommendations: increase coping skills, adaptability, and planfulness.

Your answer:
Fitting in with Peers; In the article, fitting in with peers is one of the difficulties of early puberty mentioned. In this situation adolescents who have begun puberty early just want to fit in with their peers. They become dissatisfied with their changing bodies and the shifting changes that has occurred. They feel and look different from their peers of the same age. They start to have a low self esteem especially with the kind of attention it brings to them especially for girls when they have grown breasts and have become visibly taller than their peers. Experiencing Social Pressures They begin to experience social pressures especially in situations when the norm and ideology of being beautiful is not in being curvy or adding fats to their legs, arms or trunk areas but being thin. These are issues that usually lead to mental issues and risky behaviors like eating disorders, substance use and engaging in activities that they are not emotionally ready for. Also, they attract romantic partners because of how they now look, more matured than their mates. The expectations that people have for them would become higher not realizing that their cognitive, social and emotional development is still at par with their other peers. sometimes parents also give them more freedom than their chronological age. This social pressures also leads them to roll with individuals older than them who make them engage in risky behaviors. The Role of Unstable Environments Unstable environments like situations when there is no father figure, or there is extreme conflict in the family and other instabilities caused by divorce and parents separating can lead to stress and is said to be somewhat associated with the fact that adolescents go through early puberty. This in turn also leads to other varying degrees of emotional, social and behavioral problems like becoming depressed and acting out disruptive behaviors. The adolescents are forced to attain higher responsibilities than is for their age. They are usually not emotionally ready for it. My Reaction: In my opinion the article stated the true reasons that cause instability in early puberty. With all these knowledge I only expect that more awareness will happen especially when it comes to social pressures which for me I think is a huge problem with adolescents maturing early. If everyone realized that people are different and grow at different times there would be less taunting when it come to adolescents hitting early puberty. Having said that, I also agree that these teenager’s should bethought coping mechanisms. If they are shown lots of love and support, It can boost their self esteem and they will feel comfortable in their bodies regardless of what culture and social norms describes as beauty. Overall, the article was very educative and it was a long read.

Question 14

Choose one of the following answers: Individuals with Anorexia Nervosa OR Individuals with Bulimia Nervosa. Who is more likely to think that they look fat when they are dangerously thin?

Answer 14

Anorexia nervosa

Question 15

Which protein hormone is thought to trigger the hypothalamus’ increased production of GnRH?

Answer 15

Leptin

Question 16

What is the average age for the pubertal growth spurt for girls in North America?

Answer 16

age 10

Question 17

What is spermache?

Answer 17

Age of onset for sperm emission

Question 18

True or false? Most adults and adolescents never achieve Piaget’s finalstage of cognitive development, using Piaget’s original methodology.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

True or false? It is important to take someone seriously if they start talking about suicide

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Identify which of the following identity statuses would best describe the individual, in terms of occupational identity: Identity Diffusion, Identity Moratorium, Identity Foreclosure, Identity Achieved.
Eli is a senior in high school and he’s spent the past year researching colleges and academic majors. After speaking with his parents and a guidance counselor at school, he’s feel pretty good about his decisions about school and major.

Answer 20

Identity Achieved

Question 21

True or false? Poor school performance can be a warning sign of teen depression.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Be sure to number your answers.
Garbarino identifies four factors that lead to child violence. What are two of them?

Answer 22

3 pts for 2/4: depression, attachment problems, abandonment by mother, abandonment by father.

Question 23

Short essay questions should be answered in full sentences. Be sure to number your answers. Describe how formal operational thought differs from concrete operational thought. Be sure to focus on the key differences and explain them

Answer 23

Answers should describe the following features: 1) increased ability for abstract reasoning, 2) achievement of hypothetical-deductive reasoning.

Question 24

Short essay questions should be answered in full sentences. Be sure to number your answers. Purging is not an effective way to lose weight. Neither or laxatives. Briefly explain why.

Answer 24

Answers should address the following:1. Vomiting immediately afterward only eliminates 50% of calories at best. 2. Laxatives only get rid of around 10% of calories, mainly water loss.

Question 25

Short essay questions should be answered in full sentences. Be sure to number your answers.
What problems are early maturing girls at risk for, and explain why this may be the case.

Answer 25

Problems: early sexual activity, eating disorders, poor body image. Reasons: attention from older boys, dissatisfaction with changed body.

Question 26

In the module, you read an APA article on early puberty. It discussed the difficulties of early puberty in terms of:-fitting in with peers-experiencing social pressures-the role of unstable environments-recommendations for helping with pubertal transitions Choose three of the above areas, and: 1) Summarize what the article says about each area and 2) Describe in detail your reaction to what the article said about this area.

Answer 26

Answer: 3 points for descriptions of each area—1.5 points for the summary and 1.5 points for the response. 1 point overall for clarity of writing. Descriptions from each area should include the following: Fitting in: Challenges with looking different from one’s peers, and affects disproportionately more difficult for girls. Social pressures: Peers and adults treating early maturing kids differently, hanging out with older friends. Unstable environments: Early life stress, absent fathers, conflict, and low SES are all associated with early puberty. Some difficulty untangling environmental and genetic causes. Recommendations: increase coping skills, adaptability, and planfulness

Question 27

Choose one of the following answers: Individuals with Anorexia Nervosa OR Individuals with Bulimia Nervosa.
Who is more likely to be overweight despite purging behaviors?

Answer 27

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 28

Choose one of the following answers: Individuals with Anorexia Nervosa OR Individuals with Bulimia Nervosa.
Who is likely to be impulsive and abuse alcohol or other drugs?

Answer 28

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 29

What region in the brain begins increasing production of GnRH after middle childhood?

Answer 29

hypothalamus

Question 30

Allison is a college student who has been having a rough time lately. She gained a little weight at college and is feeling depressed about it. Sometimes in her dorm she eats everything she can find, but then feels terrible. When this happens, she runs to the gym to sweat off the pounds, then rushes to a bathroom to induce vomiting. What type of an eating disorder does she most likely have?

Answer 30

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 31

According to experts, adolescents’ increase in sarcastic humor may be tied to what increased cognitive ability during adolescence? Be specific.

Answer 31

Abstract thought

Question 32

Which of Marcia’s identity statuses results in the teen being essentially lost or floundering in terms of identity?

Answer 32

Identity Diffusion

Question 33

True or false? Insomnia can be a warning sign of teen depression.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

True or false? Teens with good problem-solving abilities are at a higher risk for a suicide attempt.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Be sure to number your answers. Nathan has always been fairly well-behaved, but he suddenly begins shoplifting. His teachers feel that he’s not focusing on his schoolwork like he used to—he seems distracted and restless. Instead of hanging out with his friends, he now keeps to himself. Is Nathan at risk for a suicide attempt? Why or why not?

Answer 35

Yes. Depression is a risk factor, as is a change in school performance.

Question 36

Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Be sure to number your answers. According to Piaget, how should adolescents work through the pendulum problem? Be detailed in your answer. Also, be sure to discuss the variables that might affect pendulum speed, and use Piaget’s terminology for this stage.

Answer 36

Answers need to incorporate the following: adolescents need to work logically and systematically, use hypothetico-deductive reasoning, test 4 hypotheses—height, weight, string length, force, and hold variables constant while testing one.

Your Answer:
At this age, Piaget believe that adolescents have abstract-thinking and hypothetico-deductive reasoning. However not all of them can be successful at this stage. Pendulum problem is given by Piaget where students need to think about4 logical hypotheses of this problem: length of string, weight of the object, how high the object has been raising, how much he push the object Whoever is successfully at this stage, should be able to think of these 4hypotheses of the problem, and be aware of all of these factors are related to each other.

Question 37

Short essay questions should be answered in full sentences. Be sure to number your answers. Name two subtypes of anorexia nervosa

Answer 37

Binge eating/purging and Restricting.

Question 38

Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Be sure to number your answers.
What is the “imaginary audience” during adolescence?

Answer 38

The belief that adolescents may have , that everyone is paying attention to them and watching them .

Your Answer :
“ imaginary audience “ is term to use when adolescence think they are the center of the world . Must be someone is admiring and watching them as always

Question 39

In the module, you read an APA article on early puberty. It discussed the difficulties of early puberty in terms of:-fitting in with peers-experiencing social pressures-the role of unstable environments-recommendations for helping with pubertal transitions Choose three of the above areas, and: 1) Summarize what the article says about each area and 2) Describe in detail your reaction to what the article said about this area.

Answer 39

Answer: 3 points for descriptions of each area—1.5 points for the summary and 1.5 points for the response. 1 point overall for clarity of writing. Descriptions from each area should include the following: Fitting in: Challenges with looking different from one’s peers, and affects disproportionately more difficult for girls. Social pressures: Peers and adults treating early maturing kids differently, hanging out with older friends. Unstable environments: Early life stress, absent fathers, conflict, and low SES are all associated with early puberty. Some difficulty untangling environmental and genetic causes. Recommendations: increase coping skills, adaptability, and planfulness

Question 40

In the module, you read an APA article on early puberty. It discussed the difficulties of early puberty in terms of:-fitting in with peers-experiencing social pressures-the role of unstable environments-recommendations for helping with pubertal transitions Choose three of the above areas, and: 1) Summarize what the article says about each area and 2) Describe in detail your reaction to what the article said about this area.

Answer 40

Fitting in with Peers

Probably majority of pre-adolescents just want to fit in. It’s a time when you don’t want to be distinct from your peer group in any way, shape, or form.” When a child matures earlier than his or her peers, there can be long-term effects on psychological health. Girls who matured earlier than their peer group had higher rates of depression, while early-maturing boys showed signs of increased anxiety, negative self-image, and interpersonal stress.
Social Pressure

When pre-adolescents are still developing, their actions and thoughts don’t necessarily match their appearance. Other children and adults may make incorrect assumptions about their abilities. Puberty may be particularly difficult for girls due to cultural connotations. When girls mature early, they appear to have a number of disadvantages right away. They compare themselves to their colleagues more adversely. In their connections with family and friends, they are more worried and insecure. Peer pressure appears to be a substantial risk factor for mental health disorders in young children. If you hang around with people who are doing unsafe things, you’re more likely to do the same.
The Role of Unstable Environment

Several of the social aspects that have been associated to the early onset of puberty, such as early life stress, the absence of fathers in the home, high family conflict, and lower socioeconomic position, have been linked to the early onset of puberty. Though the causes for this link are unknown, scientists believe that an unstable environment may cause the body to mature sexually at a younger age. Early maturation and family variables appear to interact to raise the likelihood of early substance use.

Question 41

Amy is 10 years old and experiencing menarche. Is she earlier than average, later than average or neither?

Answer 41

Earlier than average

Question 42

Allison is a college student who has been having a rough time lately. She gained a little weight at college and is feeling depressed about it. Sometimes in her dorm she eats everything she can find, but then feels terrible. When this happens, she runs to the gym to sweat off the pounds, then rushes to a bathroom to induce vomiting. What type of an eating disorder does she most likely have?

Answer 42

bulimia nervosa

Question 43

When does adolescence end?

Answer 43

When the individual achieves adult status.

Your Answer : Adolescence ends after the growth spurt / puberty . This determination differs in different countries , due to different social constructs in society / religions .

Question 44

Mia is a junior in high school and has not yet had her first period. Her seventeenth birthday is in three months. Based on this information, answer the following questions: Is Mia more likely or less likely to have a good body image compared to girls who experienced early menarche?

Answer 44

More likely

Question 45

According to experts, adolescents’ increase in sarcastic humor may be tied to what increased cognitive ability during adolescence? Be specific

Answer 45

abstract thought

Your Answer : The adolescent ‘s ability to understand the meaning behind sarcasm is indicative of the advanced ability to engage in complex or multidimensional thinking , opposed to the cognitive development of children .

Question 46

True or false? A teen who is struggling with her sexual orientation is at a higher risk for a suicide attempt.

Answer 46

true

Question 47

Identify which of the following identity statuses would best describe the individual, in terms of occupational identity: Identity Diffusion, Identity Moratorium, Identity Foreclosure, Identity Achieved.
Liz, a junior in high school, has been so busy with sports and other activities that she hasn’t given much thought to whether she’ll be attending college or working after high school. She’s really not sure what her skills and interests are beyond her day-to-day activities in high school.

Answer 47

Identity Difusion

Question 48

Identify which of the following identity statuses would best describe the individual, in terms of occupational identity: Identity Diffusion, Identity Moratorium, Identity Foreclosure, Identity Achieved.
Julian decided to major in music in college because his father is a musician.

Answer 48

Identity Foreclosure

Question 49

Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Be sure to numberyour answers.
Nathan has always been fairly well-behaved, but he suddenly begins shoplifting. His teachers feel that he’s not focusing on his schoolwork like he used to—he seems distracted and restless. Instead of hanging out with his friends, he now keeps to himself. Is Nathan at risk for a suicide attempt? Why or why not?

Answer 49

Yes . Depression is a risk factor , as is a change in school performance .

Your Answer : There is a possibility Nathan is experiencing depression and anxiety . These actions leads to low self - esteem , which causes him to socially isolate himself from friends that can result in suicide attempt . Due to the fact Nathan has not experienced this kind of behavior before , he may be doing so for survival reasons . There may be a huge financial shift in his life to engage in shoplifting to get what he want / needed that triggers his depression and anxiety .

Question 50

Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Be sure to number your answers. Recently, a teen begins acting like she’s never hungry. When she gets home from school, she heads up to her room, closes the door, and lies on her bed for hours. She doesn’t return her friends’ calls. When her parents try to get her to do the things she used to enjoy doing, she says she’s too tired. Is she at risk for a suicide attempt? Why or why not?

Answer 50

Yes . Symptoms of depression put teens at risk for suicide .

Your Answer : This teens behavior is showing signs of depression . Depression is a leading cause of suicide . Her body image is effecting her mental health . She must seek assistance for guidance and support before it is too late . If suicide doesn’t occur , her health is at risk for other complications as well , such as symptoms / effects of anorexia nervosa .

Question 51

Short essay questions should be answered in full sentences. Be sure to number your answers. Do individuals with anorexia nervosa engage in purging behaviors? Explain.

Answer 51

Yes , if they have the binge eating / purging subtype of the disorder .

Your Answer : Yes , anorexia nervosa engages mainly in purging behaviors . That is the main action of this eating disorder as a drastic diet . The individual drastically control their food intake and never satisfied with their appearance . Anorexia typically takes place in childhood . Anorexia also leads to serious health complications , even leading to death .

Question 52

Short essay questions should be answered in full sentences. Be sure to number youranswers.
What is the secular trend regarding menarche? To what do experts attribute this trend?

Answer 52

Decreased average age of menarche for most members of a society . Attributed to better healthcare and nutrition .

Your Answer : The secular trend is the decrease in menarche age , which affects most members of society . Experts attribute this trend to a society ‘s increase in medical care and nutrition . It is thought to be caused by an increase in body fat among early adolescents .

Question 53

Thoroughly answer the essay question. Answers should be written in complete sentences. Describe in detail the two courses of juvenile delinquency. Then, describe in detail two of Garbarino’s recommendations for how to intervene in the life of an individual troubled teenage boy. Do you think these recommendations are likely to work? Why or why not

Answer 53

4 pts for Descriptions of the two courses should include the following: Adolescence-limited—more common, more benign, only occurs during adolescence. Life-course persistent—more serious, starts before adolescence and continues afterward, social and biological causes most likely. Then 4 points for recommendations, which should include 2 of the following, described sufficiently: encourage boys’ empathy toward others, find ways to protect boys from media and situations that promote aggression, stimulate spirituality, mentoring, promote education and build self-esteem, positive social support, decrease macho stereotypes, therapy, change materialistic values, skills building, calming environments. 2 pts for POV on recommendations—must be sufficiently detailed and based on evidence.

Question 54

Thoroughly answer the essay question. Answers should be written in complete sentences. Describe in detail the two courses of juvenile delinquency. Then, describe in detail two of Garbarino’s recommendations for how to intervene in the life of an individual troubled teenage boy. Do you think these recommendations are likely to work? Why or why not?

Answer 54

Your Answer : The two courses of juvenile delinquency : 1 . ) Attachment Problems - When the teen and parent are not able to emotionally connect , this can result in a disturbed relationship which can lead to violent behavior by the child . According to Erikson , the very first stage of psychosocial stage / trust vs mistrust is about pare n’t sensitivity to the child ‘s needs . If the parent is not sensitive to the needs of a child , the child may develop feelings of abandonment which increases their anxiety and fear . This inhibits the child from engaging in empathetic behavior or fear in dangerous situations . 2 . ) Abandonment ( by father ) - A father is a crucial and important figure of the family , especially a boy ‘s life . If the father is not present in the family it can lead to deliquent behavior by the teen boy . It can effect self - esteem and become more vulnerable to risky behaviors . Garbarino ‘s Recommendations of Interventions : 1 . ) The individual teen - Focuses on the individual and emphasizes on including certain values and skills in the teen . Self - development and using the following methods to achieve successful outcomes ; 2 . ) Stimulating Empathy - Teaching teenage boys to be in - tune with their emotions and displaying empathy to others can help them understand their feelings and of others . This will reduce the probability of delinquent behavior . 3 . ) Protecting Boys - Safeguarding boys from any type of negative experience like bullying , abusive relationships and humiliation . 4 . ) Positive social support - Family and friends must be supportive to help them becoming more mature and emotionally intelligent . 5 . ) intelligence and self - esteem - Educating the teen is important as it gives an open minded outlook to life . It can lead to better decision making and helps buld self - esteem .