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PHYS PHARM FINAL > Module 6 > Flashcards

Module 6 Flashcards

1
Q

CT components of skeletal muscle:

A
  • epimysium
  • perimysium
  • endomysium
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2
Q

skeletal muscles are surrounded by a fibrous

A

epimysium

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3
Q

subdivides the muscle into fascicles

A

perimysium

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4
Q

each fascicle is subdivided into muscle fibers surrounded by

A

endomysium

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5
Q

plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fibers

A

sarcolemma

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6
Q

multi nucleated; form a syncytium, are striated

A

skeletal muscle fibers

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7
Q

site where a motor neuron stimulates a muscle fiber

A

neuromuscular junction

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8
Q

varied contraction strength due to different numbers of motor units being stimulated

A

graded contractions

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9
Q

motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

A

motor unit

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10
Q

area of the muscle fiber sarcolemma where a motor neuron stimulates it using the neurotransmitter,

A

motor end plate

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11
Q

each fiber has densely packed subunits of thick and thin myofilaments called myofibrils

A

myofibrils

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12
Q

only thin filaments, primarily of the protein, actin

A

I bands

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13
Q

contain all of the thick filament with some thin filament overlap; the thick filament is the protein, myosin

A

A bands

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14
Q

are the center of the A band with no thin filament overlap

A

H bands

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15
Q

are found in the center of each I band.

A

z discs

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16
Q

The basic subunit of striated muscle contraction

A

sacromere

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17
Q

protein that runs from the Z disc to the M line and allows elastic recoil

A

titin

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18
Q

are found in the center of each A band and help hold down thick filaments

A

M lines

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19
Q

thick myofilament

A

myosin

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20
Q

thin myofilament

A

actin

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21
Q

skeletal muscle contract only when stimulated by a

A

somatic motor unit

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22
Q

axon terminal of motor neuron —- vesicles contain what type of neurotransmitter?

A

Ach

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23
Q

calcium binding site in skeletal muscle

A

troponin

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24
Q

blocks actin binding site from myosin when unactivated

A

tropomyosin

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25
Q

troponin complex

A

I T C

26
Q

inhibits binding of myosin

A

troponin I

27
Q

binds to tropomyosin

A

troponin T

28
Q

binds to calcium

A

troponin C

29
Q

most of the calcium is stored where in the SR

A

terminal cisternae

30
Q

voltage-gated calcium channels located in the transverse (T) tubules

A

DHP

31
Q

calcium release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

RyR

32
Q

move Ca2+ back into SR (active transport).

A

SERCA (ca-atpase

33
Q

When a second shock is applied immediately after the first, a second twitch will partially piggyback the first. This is called

A

summation

34
Q

time between the stimulus and the contraction (excitation-contraction coupling to the attachment of myosin cross bridges to actin).

A

latent period

35
Q

stronger contractions result in recruitment of more fibers, until all fibers are contracting.

A

graded contractions

36
Q

Increasing the frequency of electrical shocks decreases the relaxation time between twitches. This is called

A

incomplete tetanus

37
Q

At a certain frequency, there will be no relaxation. This is called ______a smooth, sustained contraction.

A

complete tetanus, `

38
Q

Muscles are made of thin muscle cells called

A

intrafusal fibers

39
Q

regular muscle fibers

A

extrafusal fibers

40
Q

respond to tension a muscle puts on a tendon

A

golgi tendon organs

41
Q

respond to muscle length

A

muscle spindle apparatus

42
Q

two types of intrafusal fibers

A

nuclear bag fibers

nuclear chain fibers

43
Q

nuclei in loose central aggregates

A

nuclear bag fibers

44
Q

nuclei in rows

A

nuclear chain fibers

45
Q

two types of sensory cells wrap around the fibers

A
  • primary

- secondary

46
Q

(annulospiral) – most stimulated at the beginning of the stretch

A

primary

47
Q

(flower-spray) – respond more during sustained stretch

A

secondary

48
Q

Striated and involuntary

Myosin and actin filaments form sarcomeres.

Contraction occurs by means of sliding thin filaments.

A

cardiac muscle

49
Q

fibers are short, branched, and connected via gap junctions called

A

intercalated discs

50
Q

a mass of cardiac muscle cells connected to each other via gap junctions.

A

myocardium

51
Q

blood vessel walls, bronchioles, digestive organs, urinary and reproductive tracts

A

smooth muscle

52
Q

2 types of cells in cardiac muscle

A

pacemaker and myocardial cells

53
Q

in cardiac muscle everything is the same except what depolarizes the voltage gated DHP channel to open

A

sodium

54
Q

depolarization of both DHP and RYR

A

calcium-induced calcium release

55
Q

cardiac muscles can produce action potentials automatically without any innervation. how?

A

pacemaker

56
Q

does not contain sarcomeres, more actin than myosin, contains gap junctions

A

smooth muscle

57
Q

Also unlike the situation in skeletal muscles, action potentials can cross from one myocardial cell to another.

A

cardiac muscle

58
Q

two types of smooth muscle

A

single unit and multi unit

59
Q

connected via gap junction, co-ordianted contraction, gross control

A

single unit/visceral

60
Q

individually innervated, independent contraction, fine control

A

multi-unit

61
Q

Neurotransmitter (many different NT’s)k is released along the length of an autonomic neuron from ____ (Smooth muscle)

A

varicosities

62
Q

smooth muscle contraction

A
  1. SR and ES producing Calcium
  2. Ca will bind and activates calmodulin
  3. Calmodulin actives MLCK
  4. MLCK —- Myosin Head
  5. Cross-Bridge contraction

PHYS PHARM FINAL (7 decks)

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