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PHYS PHARM FINAL > Chapter 38 > Flashcards

Chapter 38 Flashcards

1
Q

structural and functional units of the thyroid gland

A

thyroid follies

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2
Q

each thyroid folic is surrounded mainly by

A

simple cubodial epithelium

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3
Q

each thyroid follicle is filled with a —- which is mainly composed of —–

A

colloid, thryoglobulin

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4
Q

undertake thyroglobin production, iodide intake, and thyroid hormones release

A

colloid

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5
Q

thyroid hormones are mainly synthesized in the

A

colloid

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6
Q

two types of thyroid hormones

A

T3 and T4

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7
Q

synthesis of thyroid hormones

A
  • Iodide is uptake by Na/I symporter
  • Iodide is oxidized by thyrodial peroxidase into iodine
  • iodine iodinates tyrosine to form MIT and DIT (Iodine organification)
  • coupling
  • release
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8
Q

type of thioamide drugs

A

thyroidal peroxidase

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9
Q

how is the thyroid regulated

A

HPT axis

hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis

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10
Q

induces new proteins generation which produce effects

A

T3

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11
Q

some of t4 are converted to t3 in

A

kidney and liver

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12
Q

insufficiency of thyroid hormone

A

hypothyroid

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13
Q

insufficiency of thyroid hormone in infant and child, results in irreversible mental retardation

A

cretinism

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14
Q

excess thyroid hormone, sympathetic nervous over-activity

A

hyperthyroid

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15
Q

antithyroid drug that blocks uptake of iodide (competitive inhibition)

A

perchlorate (anion inhibitors) — these can lead to anemia

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16
Q
  • antithyroid drug that has the mechanism of “Wolff-Chaikoff effect”
  • inhibit hormone release and organification
A

iodides such as KI

17
Q

antithyroid drug that treats thyrotoxicosis, taken up and trapped in the same manner as I-

A

Radioactive Iodide

18
Q

antithyroid drug that has the mechanism of peripheral conversion

A

propylthiouracil

19
Q

effective for tremor, anxiety, nervousness accompanied with hyperthyroidism

A

propanolol (a beta receptor blocking agent)

20
Q
  • inhibit peroxidase activity
  • Inhibitors of thyroid hormone production
  • Outcompete with thyroiglubilin for oxidized iodide
  • Selective decrease in organification and coupling of thyroid hormone precursors
A

thioamides

21
Q

for treatment of thyrotoxicosis

A

radioactive iodine

22
Q

are effective in treatment of thyrotoxicosis.

Propranolol

A

beta-adrenoceptor blockers

23
Q

the hypothalamus releases —– then the anterior pituitary releases —— and the thyroid gland releases ——

A

TRH
TSH
T3 and T4

24
Q

stimulates T4 and T3 synthesis and release from the thyroid.

A

TSH

25
Q

inhibit both TRH and TSH synthesis and release.

A

t3 and t4

26
Q

hypothyroidism is treated as a whole with

A

thyroid hormones

27
Q

hyperthyroidism is treated as a whole with

A

anti-thyroid drugs

28
Q

4 main classifications of antithyroid drugs

A
  • thioamides
  • iodides
  • radioiodine
  • beta receptor blocking agent
29
Q

PTU, or ends in -mazole

A

thioamides

30
Q

inhibits thyroid peroxidase, decrease thyroid hormone production

A

Thioamides

  1. The major action is to prevent hormone synthesis by inhibiting the thyroid peroxidase-catalyzed reactions to block iodine organification.
  2. They block coupling of iodotyrosines .
  3. PTU (Propylthiouracil) can also prevent the conversion of T4 to T3.
31
Q

inhibit organificatian and hormone release.

A

iodides

32
Q
  • used in thyroid hormone replacement therapy in patients with hypothyroidism
A

levothyroxine (t4)

33
Q

majority of t4 is deiodinated to

A

t3

34
Q
  • used in short term suppression of TSH in patients undergoing surgery for thyroid cancer
  • initial therapy of myxedema
A

Liothyronine (T3)

35
Q

any condition caused by elevated levels of circulating free thyroid hormones

A

thyrotoxicosis

36
Q
  • an autoimmune disease that causes the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone.
  • symptoms: goiter and bulging eyes
  • malfunction in which immune system releases abnormal antibodies that mimic TSH - overproduction
A

graves disease

37
Q

how is graves disease treated

A

Radioactive iodide, antithyroid drugs, beta blockers, thyroidectomy

38
Q

a life-threatening health condition that is associated with untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism.

Symptoms: individual’s heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature can soar to dangerously high levels.

A

thyroid storm

39
Q

treatment of thyroid storm

A

PTU

PHYS PHARM FINAL (7 decks)

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