module 6 Flashcards
pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Miletus, is known for his pioneering work in cosmology, geography, and biology.
proposed the “apeiron”
anaximander
He envisioned Earth as a free-floating object at the universe’s center, supported by its equidistance from other celestial bodies.
cosmic structure
apeiron which means?
the beginning of everything
Kant’s moral principle: Actions guided by universally applicable rules like “Do not lie” promote truthfulness in society.
categorical imperative
what are 2 anaximander’s creation
- cosmic generation
- cosmic structure
2 anaximander’s destruction
- return to the apeiron
- balance of opposites
- All things that come into existence from the apeiron must eventually return to it.
- This cycle of emergence and reabsorption ensures that the apeiron remains boundless and eternal.
return to the apeiron
what are anaximander’s 3 philosophical implications?
- abstract thinking
- natura laws
- cyclical view of nature
anaximander’s concept of the apeiron led to abstract thoughts on the universe, paving the way for future metaphysical studies.
abstract thinking
German philosopher, merged rationalism and empiricism in his works on epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics, earning titles like father of modern ethics” father of modern aesthetics, and father of modern philosophy.
immanuel kant
The interplay of opposites is both creative and destructive
balance of opposites
Anaximander proposed that cosmic processes are regulated by natural laws, not by gods whims.
natural laws
The view of creation and destruction as cyclical processes influenced later philosophical ideas on impermanence and eternal recurrence in nature.
Cyclical View of Nature
what are the 2 aesthetical philosophy according to immanuel kant
- categorical imperative
- moral law
Kant suggests objects can seem purposefully designed without serving a specific end, indicating an inherent order in perception.
purposiveness without purpose
Kant posits that rational beings follow moral laws over personal gain to uphold moral order.
moral law
what are 2 under aesthetic philosophy
- beauty
- purposiveness without purpose
aristotle’s every action has consequences
ripple effect
Experiencing beauty involves a harmonious interaction between imagination and understanding, creating balance
beauty
4 marcuses view
- domination with nature
- technological rationality
- liberation and ecology
- critique of consumer society
I was a German-born American political philosopher and influential member of the Frankfurt School known for Marxist and Freudian theories that impacted leftist student movements in the 1960s, notably after the 1968 student rebellions.
herbert marcuse
a medieval philosopher and theologian, is renowned for his synthesis of Christian theology and Aristotelian philosophy.
thomas aquinas
Humans have natural ends achievable through reason and virtues, but their ultimate end is supernatural, exceeding natural capacities.
Natural vs. supernatural ends
The ultimate goal is the beatific vision, a blissful union with God in the afterlife, surpassing all earthly joy.
union with God
To achieve supernatural destiny, divine grace and theological virtues (faith, hope, charity) are essential. Natural virtues (justice, temperance, prudence, fortitude can be attained without direct divine help but alone are inadequate when compared to theological virtues.
grace and virtue
cooperation with God but free will to do our choices
human free will
