Module 1 Flashcards
comes from Greek words “philos” and “sophia” meaning “love of wisdom.”
Philosophy
what does “philos” and “sophia” mean?
love of wisdom
Philosophy was used to make sense of the world using
reason
A broad field of inquiry that delves into fundamental aspects of human existence and understanding, with abstract and general ideas
Philosophy
Why do we study Philosophy?
- Broad Perspective
- Critical Thinking
3 Clarity of Concepts - Creativity
- Ethical Considerations
- Long-Term Thinking
Advocated for soul’s immortality, virtuous behavior, and the significance of mathematics in understanding reality
Pythagoras
He proposed that everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan which he called logo
Heraclitus
- focused on natural phenomena causes
- He theorized that all material bodies are made up of indivisibly small “atoms”.
Democritus
He was a known advocate of living a simple and virtuous life.
Diogenes of Sinope
advocated forgoing many short-term pleasures and instead focusing on the overall pleasure and pain distribution over a lifetime.
Epicurus
He introduced dialectic for inquiry and founded the Academy, a renowned institution of higher learning.
Plato
He was credited with formulating the method which means of examining a topic by devising a series of questions that let the learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic.
Socrates
His logic studies led to deductive reasoning, analyzing statements to form conclusions.
Aristotle
what are the 6 Main Divisions of Philosophy
- Logic
- Epistemology
- Ethics
- Metaphysics
- Aesthetics
- Political Philosophy
it refers to a body of knowledge that looks up on the society, politics and the people that makes it whole.
political philosophy
a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of thinking and reasoning using empirical support and information which are reliable, valid and objective
logic
it is the study of what is right and what is wrong in human behavior in the pursuit of beauty and goodness in life.
ethics
it is also a branch of philosophy which is concerned with the essence of perception and ugliness.
aesthetics
it is a branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of ultimate reality
metaphysics
Study of knowledge/knowing
epistemology
The tool that philosophy uses to study and evaluate philosophical truths
logic
what are the 2 types of logic
- Deductive Reasoning
- Inductive Reasoning
from a general truth to a specific truth (universal to particular)
Deductive Reasoning
from a specific truth to a general truth (particular to universal)
Inductive Reasoning
Stresses the role of the mind in doing Philosophy.
Rationalism
what are the 2 ways of thinking
- Rationalism
- Empiricism
stresses the role of senses in doing philosophy
Empiricism
it comes from the Greek word “ethos” which means “character” or “custom”.
ethics
what does “ethos” means
character” or “custom
it was derived from the Greek word “aesthetikos” which means “ one who is perceptive of things through his sensations, feelings and intuitions.”
aesthetics
what does “aesthetikos” means
one who is perceptive of things through his sensations, feelings and intuitions
they are “questions whose answers are in principle open to inform, rational, and honest disagreement, ultimate but not absolute, closed under further questioning, possibly constrained by empirical and logi-mathematical resources but requiring noetic resources to be answered
open questions
These are exercises of the imagination, in which we consider scenarios that address different aspects of our world.
thought experiment
