Module 6 Flashcards
Genetics
The science that studies how characteristics are passed from parent to offspring
Genetic factors
The general guideline of traits determined by a person’s DNA
Environmental factors
Those “nonbiological” factors that are involved in a person’s surroundings such as the nature of the person’s parents, the person’s friends, and the person’s behavioral choices. They also include things like exposure to chemicals, molds, extreme weather conditions, and allergens.
Spiritual factors
The factors in a person’s life that are determined by the quality of his or her relationship with God
Gene
The basic unit of heredity; a section of DNA that contains the code to produce a protein or a portion of a protein, thereby causing a trait
Chromosome
The condensed threads of chromatin (DNA coiled around and supported by proteins) found in the nucleus of the cell
Chromatin
Long strands of clusters of DNA and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
DNA replication
The process by which two identical DNA molecules are produc from one original DNA molecule
Chromosome
Condensed threads of chromatin found in the nucleus of the cell
Chromatid
One of the two identical copies of a replicated chromosome joined by a centromere
Centromere
The region where two sister chromatids are joined tightly together
Triplet
A three-base sequence on DNA
Codon
A three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid
Anticodon
A three-base sequence on tRNA
Mitosis
A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells
Interphase
The time interval between cellular reproductions
Cytokinesis
The process, usually following mitosis or meiosis, in which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided in two
Karyotype
The figure produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous pairs
Diploid cell
A cell with chromosomes that come in homologous pairs or two sets of chromosomes
Haploid cell
A cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair or half the total number of chromosomes.
iploid number (2n)
The total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell
Haploid number (n)
The number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell (½ the total)
Meiosis
The process by which a diploid (2) cell forms gametes (n)
Gametes
Haploid cells (n) produced by diploid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction
Zygote
The result of sexual reproduction when each parent contributes half of the DNA necessary for the offspring
Tetrad
Two homologous chromosomes consisting of four chromatids, two siste chromatids in each chromosome
Crossing over
The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes
