Module 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Invertebrates

A

Animals that lack a backbone

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2
Q

Vertebrates

A

Animals that possess a backbone

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3
Q

Spherical symmetry

A

An organism possesses spherical symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any cut that runs through the organism’s center

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4
Q

Radial symmetry

A

An organism possesses radial symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any longitudinal cut through its center

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5
Q

Bilateral symmetry

A

An organism possesses bilateral symmetry if it can only be cut into two identical halves by a single longitudinal cut along its center that divides it into right and left halves

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6
Q

Anterior end

A

The end of an animal that contains its head

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7
Q

Posterior end

A

The end of an animal that contains its tail

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8
Q

Epidermis

A

An outer layer of cells designed to provide protection

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9
Q

Endodermis

A

An inner layer of cells

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10
Q

Mesenchyme

A

The jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge

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11
Q

Collar cells

A

Flagellated cells that push water through a sponge

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12
Q

Amoebocytes

A

Cells that move using pseudopods and perform different functions in different animals

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13
Q

Gemmule

A

A cluster of cells encased in a hard, spicule-reinforced shell

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14
Q

Polyp

A

The sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other

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15
Q

Medusa

A

A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles

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16
Q

Epithelium

A

Animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance

17
Q

Mesoglea

A

The jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian

18
Q

Nematocysts

A

Small capsules that contain a toxin that is injected into prey or predators

19
Q

Testes

A

Organs that produce sperm

20
Q

Ovaries

A

Organs that produce eggs

21
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

A system in which blood stays in vessels designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creature’s body

22
Q

Nervous system

A

A system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch, and taste

23
Q

Ganglia

A

Masses of nerve cell bodies

24
Q

Hermaphroditic

A

Possessing both the male and the female reproductive organs

25
Q

Regeneration

A

The ability to regrow a missing part of the body

26
Q

Open circulatory system

A

A system in which blood is pumped through vessels into various chambers or body cavities where it comes in direct contact with cells, tissues, and organs

27
Q

Mantle

A

A sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, makes the mollusk’s shell, and functions in respiration, waste disposal, and sensory perception

28
Q

Visceral hump

A

A hump that contains a mollusk’s heart, digestive, and excretory organs

29
Q

Foot

A

A muscular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal

30
Q

Radula

A

An organ covered with teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths

31
Q

Univalve

A

An organism with a single shell

32
Q

Bivalve

A

An organism with two shells