Module 6 Flashcards
General intelligence, also known as _______________, refers to a general mental ability that, according to Spearman, underlies multiple specific skills, including verbal, spatial, numerical and mechanical.
g factor
_________________, an English psychologist, established the two-factor theory of intelligence back in 1904
Charles Spearman
_______________ is a procedure through which the correlation of related variables are evaluated to find an underlying factor that explains this correlation.
Factor analysis
_______________challenged the concept of a g-factor. After analyzing data from 56 different tests of mental abilities, he identified a number of primary mental abilities that comprise intelligence, as opposed to one general factor.
Thurstone
The seven primary mental abilities in Thurstone’s model are:
verbal comprehension, verbal fluency, number facility, spatial visualization, perceptual speed, memory, and inductive reasoning
Ability to use words quickly and fluency in performing such tasks as rhyming, solving anagrams, and doing crossword puzzles
Word fluency
Ability to understand the meaning of words, concepts, and ideas.
Verbal comprehension
Ability to use numbers to quickly compute answers to problems.
Numerical ability
Ability to visualize and manipulate patterns and forms in space.
Spatial visualization
Ability to grasp perceptual details quickly and accurately and to determine similarities and differences between stimuli.
Perceptual Speed
Ability to recall information such as lists or words, mathematical formulas, and definitions
Memory
Ability to derive general rules and principles from presented information.
Inductive reasoning
Following the work of Thurstone, American psychologist _________________ built off the idea that there are multiple forms of intelligence. He proposed that there is no single intelligence, but rather distinct, independent multiple intelligences exist, each representing unique skills and talents relevant to a certain category.
Howard Gardner
Gardner initially proposed seven multiple intelligences:
linguistic
logical-mathematical
spatial
musical
bodily-kinesthetic
interpersonal
intrapersonal
naturalist intelligence.
(well-developed verbal skills and sensitivity to the sounds, meanings and rhythms of words)
Verbal-linguistic intelligence
(ability to think conceptually and abstractly, and capacity to discern logical and numerical patterns)
Logical-mathematical intelligence
(capacity to think in images and pictures, to visualize accurately and abstractly)
Spatial-visual intelligence
(ability to control one’s body movements and to handle objects skillfully)
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
(ability to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch and timber)
Musical intelligences
(capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, motivations and desires of others)
Interpersonal intelligence
(capacity to be self-aware and in tune with inner feelings, values, beliefs and thinking processes)
Intrapersonal
(ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals and other objects in nature)
Naturalist intelligence
(sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence such as, “What is the meaning of life? Why do we die? How did we get here?”)
Existential intelligence
He proposed a three-category theory of intelligence, integrating components that were lacking in Gardner’s theory. This theory is based on the definition of intelligence as the ability to achieve success based on your personal standards and your sociocultural context.
Robert Sternberg
According to the _____________________, intelligence has three aspects: analytical, creative, and practical
triarchic theory of intelligence
__________________, also referred to as componential intelligence, refers to intelligence that is applied to analyze or evaluate problems and arrive at solutions. This is a traditional IQ test measure.
Analytical intelligence
_____________________ is the ability to go beyond what is given to create novel and interesting ideas. This type of intelligence involves imagination, innovation and problem-solving.
Creative intelligence
_____________________- is the ability that individuals use to solve problems faced in daily life, when a person finds the best fit between themselves and the demands of the environment. Adapting to the demands of the environment involves either utilizing knowledge gained from experience to purposefully change oneself to suit the environment (adaptation), changing the environment to suit oneself (shaping), or finding a new environment in which to work (selection).
Practical intelligence
____________________ first proposed the concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence and further developed the theory with __________________
Raymond Cattell, John Horn
It is the ability to problem solve in novel situations without referencing prior knowledge, but rather through the use of logic and abstract thinking. Fluid intelligence can be applied to any novel problem because no specific prior knowledge is required
Fluid Intelligence
It refers to the use of previously-acquired knowledge, such as specific facts learned in school or specific motor skills or muscle memory
Crystallized Intelligence
The Cattell-Horn (1966) _______________________e suggests that intelligence is composed of a number of different abilities that interact and work together to produce overall individual intelligence
theory of fluid and crystallized intelligenc
A ______________________ that combines the major aspects of Spearman’s theory of general intelligence (g) and Horn and Cattell’s theory of crystallized and fluid intelligence (Gf-Gc) has been proposed
three-stratum theory of intelligence
Stratum I of THREE-STRATUM THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE
“narrow” abilities
Stratum II of THREE-STRATUM THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE
“broad” abilities
Stratum III of THREE-STRATUM THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE
a single “general” ability
“ability to monitor one’s own and other people’s emotions, to discriminate between different emotions and label them appropriately, and to use emotional information to guide thinking and behaviour”
Emotional Intelligence
The four key components of emotional Intelligence are:
(i) self-awareness, (ii) self-management, (iii) social awareness, and (iv) relationship management
Proponents of Binet-Simon Scale
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
Binet created the concept of a ___________, or how well an individual performs intellectually relative to the average performance at that age
mental age
The revised version of Binet-Simon scale. It is a contemporary assessment which measures intelligence according to five features of cognitive ability, including fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing and working memory. Both verbal and nonverbal responses are measured.
Stanford-BInet Intelligence Scale
It is completely language free test of intelligence. It requires no speaking or shared understanding of language between the person administering the test and the person taking it.
Universal Non-verbal intelligence test -2 (UNIT-2)
It looks at how the health of your brain affects your thinking skills and behavior.
Neuropsychology
It is a compilation of neuropsychological tests designed to evaluate the functioning of the brain and nervous system in individuals aged 15 years and older. Although the test was designed as a tool to detect brain damage, it has shown to be effective in identifying impairment associated with head trauma, tumors, cerebro-vascular accidents, infections, degenerative diseases, learning disabilities, and specific neurological disorders. The
Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery (HRNB)
