module 6

Question 1

conformity

Answer 1

• changing behaviour/beliefs to accord to others
• pressures can be explicit or implicit and real or imagined

Question 2

types of influence for conformity

Answer 2

• normative: ppl fear bad consequences from straying from others, want to be accepted
• informational: ppl believe other are correct in their judgements, want to be correct

Question 3

types of outcomes of conformity

Answer 3

private: change in belief that occurs when person privately accepts position taken by others, changes the behaviour
public: superficial change in overt behaviour w out corresponding change of opinion, produced by real/imagines group pressure

Question 4

autokinetic effect

Answer 4

• stationary light in a dark room looks like its moving
• by asking leading questions, the answers will be influenced by others

Question 5

what is a confederate in a study

Answer 5

• someone who looks like they are a participant but they are a part of the study

Question 6

t or f: ashc has normative influence and private conformity

Answer 6

false, normative influence and public conformity

Question 7

t or f: sherif has informational influence and private conformity

Answer 7

true

Question 8

group size (conformity)

Answer 8

• larger the group, more likely for conformity
• more info value

Question 9

group unanimity (conformity)

Answer 9

• even a lone ally decreased pressure to conform

Question 10

cohesion (conformity)

Answer 10

• extent to which we are attracted to a group and want to be a part of it
• more cohesive=more demand for conformity

Question 11

expertise and status (conformity)

Answer 11

• if group members are believed to be experts or of high status,=more conformity

Question 12

culture (conformity)

Answer 12

• interdependent cultures= high conformity, lower in independent cultures

Question 13

gender (conformity)

Answer 13

• early biased findings found women conform more than men
• women still conform more but it is a small difference

Question 14

task ambiguity (conformity)

Answer 14

• when one is not sure what to do, ppl will conform for normative and informational
• when it is clear what to do but ppl do other things normative conformity applies

Question 15

anonymity (conformity)

Answer 15

• when answers are public= both normative and informational
• when answers are private= informational

Question 16

milgram studies

Answer 16

• obedience to authority
• changes in behaviour due to commands of an authority

Question 17

conformity vs obedience

Answer 17

• conformity= changes in behaviour in accordance to others
• obedience= changes in behaviour due to authority commands

Question 18

milgram paradigm

Answer 18

• participants were recruited by newspaper ad
• paid for their study in advance
• ppl were assigned teacher role and confederate was the ‘learner’
• required to administer shock to the learner if they made errors
• at high levels of voltage the learner stopped responding

Question 19

what are the modifications done to the milgram paradigm

Answer 19

• proximity to learner
• experimenter characteristics
• prestige of location

Question 20

why did ppl obey in the milgram paradigm

Answer 20

• novel situation
• perceived authority figure
• time pressure
• gradual escalation of volts
• questions of responsibility

Question 21

how was the milgram paradigm faced w ethical concerns

Answer 21

• no true informed consent
• extreme trauma for participants
• participants were pressured to stay