module 1 Flashcards
How did Brehm and Kassin define social psych in 1993
the scientific study of the way individuals think, feel, and behave in social situations
who defined social psych as ‘the discipline that seeks to understand how the thought, feelings, and behaviours of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others’
Gordon Allport in 1935
social psych examines the interaction between the person and the ______
situation
what is an example of a famous social experiment about authority
Milgram experiment
internal psychological state examples
attitudes, moods, self-esteem
in psychology, the unit of analysis tends to be the _____, whereas in sociology, the unit of analysis tends to be the _____
individual, group
what is the premier journal in social psych
the journal of personality and social psychology
how does social and personality psych differ
unit of analysis is the person and individual differences (personality traits) for personality but for social it is the interaction and how they respond to environment
clinical vs social psych
clinical: non-normative behaviours
social: normative behaviours
t or f: smiling can make you feel happier
- true
t or f: its more adaptive to alter one’s behaviour than to stay consistent from one social situation to the next
- false
- a balance of both is best
self monitoring
- the extent to which we change from situation to situation
- adapting personality for diff social situations
t or f: i general, ppl aren’t very skilled at knowing when someone is lying
true
t or f: the notion that we can create a self-fulfilling prophecy by getting others to behave in ways that we expect is a myth
- false
- the way one construes social situations affects behaviour and in turn the behaviour of others
t or f: on average, there is not a large diff in self esteem of members of low status stereotyped groups and members of high status non-stereotyped groups.
- true
t or f: ppl tend to underestimate the extent of which others notice their behaviours and appearances
- flase, we overestimate
t or f: researchers can tell if someone has a positive or negative attitude toward a target by measuring their physiological arousal
- false, you cant determine attitude/valance from arousal, only magnitude/extent of physiological arousal from tools
t or f: the more you pay people to tell a lie, the more they will come to believe it
- false
- cognitive dissonance
cognitive dissonance
- when your mental beliefs dont match up with your actions
romantic _____ effect
- red
- when women wear red they are seen as more attractive
t or f: as the number of ppl in a group increases, so does their impact on an individual
- false
- there is an effect of group size but it levels off quickly ie its nonlinear
t or f: ppl cheer louder when they are in a bigger group
false, social loafing
t or f: if your friend does smth embarrassing in a group situation, the rest of the group will judge you harshly as well
- fase
- guilty-by-association effect
t or f: ppl working individually will come up w a greater number of high quality ideas than the same number of ppl working in a group
true, group think
t or f: ppls attitudes tend to be more moderate after group discussion
false, validation causes ideas to become more extreme
t or f: looking at a facebook page can cause temp. increases in self-esteem, compare to looking in a mirror
true, you choose who you present as on social media, the mirror is real
t or f: physically attractive ppl are seen as less intelligent than physically unattractive ppl
false, ‘halo effect’, pretty ppl are viewed as smarter and other good traits
t or f: relative to those in a neutral mood, ppl in a bad mood are more likely to help others
true, ppl try to repair their mood by helping others
why do people think their common sense is accurate even when its wrong
perceptual contrast
define theory. what are qualities for therories
- organized set of principals used to explain observed phenomena
- simple, complete, internally consistent, generative, lead to new questions, and testable
non experimental approches to research
- archival study (examine existing records of past events)
- case study: detailed examination of a single event or person
- survey study: participants complete questionnaires
- observational study: participants behaviours are observed often in a naturalistic setting
what is a correlation coefficient? whats its range?
- r
- example of stat that tells us abt magnitude and direction of the relationship between two variable
- range: (-1.0 to +1.0)
t or f: non-experimental approaches imply a casual relationship
- false, correlation vs causation
- reverse causality
- spuriousness (third varibale)
what are the two hallmark features of experiments?
- independent variable is manipulated and the dependant variable is measured (manipulation)
- participants are randomly assigned to groups (random assignment)
why do you need non-experimental research?
- its not possible and/or ethical to manipulate some variable
internal validity
- independent variable is what manipulated the dependant variable not smth else
external validity
can you repeat the test and get the same result?
what are WEIRD samples
- Western
-Educated
-Industrialized
-Rich
-Democratic
what are ethical rights of participants in research?
- protection from harm
- informed consent
- permission to withdraw
- privacy
- debriefing (including deception)
- clearance from research ethics board
