module 4 Flashcards
how do eagly and chaiken define attitude
a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favour or disfavour
our attitudes are stored in _____
memory
knowledge function
- attitudes help us manage and simplify info processing
Utilitarian function
- attitudes guide behaviour toward valued goals and away from bad events
- negative attitudes will make you avoid the thing, opposite for positives
value expressive function
- attitudes serve to help express values and show to others
- ex clothes
social adjustment function
- attitudes help fit in with social groups
- consistent attitudes are rewarded, discrepant ones are isolated
pluralistic ignorance
- when you think you have a good read on a group’s attitude but it is not accurate
ego-defensive function
- attitudes protect self esteem or justify actions that make us guilty
- change attitudes to feel better
terror management theory
- after thinking about death, ppl hold negative views toward outgroups
tripartite theory
- 3 main components to an attitude
A=affect (emotional reaction)
B=behaviour (approach/avoid affect)
C=cognition (stored knowledge/memories abt object, facts)
when do attitudes predict behaviour
- specificity matching (action, target, context, and time)
t or f: more specificity often equates to the lowest level of correspondence between attitude and behaviour
false, highest level
theory of reasoned action
- explains attitude behaviour relationship
- states attitudes do not directly influence behaviour
- intent is a more accurate predictors of behaviour
- attitude, perceived behavioural control and subjective norms predict behaviour and intentions
introspection
- examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes
- hard to articulate why
t or f: cognitively based attitudes are less likely than affectively based attitudes to be interrupted by introspecting
- true
- its easier to come up w reasoning for cog attitudes
attitude strength predictors
- persistent
- resistence
- impact on info processing and judgement
- impact behaviour
Determinate of strong attitudes
- accessibility
- knowledge
- extremity
- ambivalence
attitude accessibility
- is it is easily accessible, it can easily influence behaviour
- effected by frequency
attitude knowledge
- number of attitude relevant thoughts and experiences that come to mind when thinking abt objects
- can be high or low in complexity
attitude extremity
- magnitude of the evaluation, deviation from midpoint of scale
- how far left or right from the middle/average
- stable, resist persuasion, predict behaviours
- one bipolar scale
attitude ambivalence
- conflicting attitudes
- two unipolar scales
- ex not neg to very neg, not pos to very pos
cognitive dissonance
- unpleasant state of tension when cognitions conflict with one another/when attitudes conflict with behaviour
decision justification
- you can reduce cog dissonance by finding justifications to your decisions
how to reduce dissonance
- change cognition
- change behaviour
- add other cognitive elements (bolstering)
- reduce importance of elements (trivialization)
- reduce perceived choice
- self-affirmation
effort justification
- justifying time, effort, or money devoted to smth that ended up unpleasant or disappointing
t or f: we should like activities more when we are being paid for them
false
conditions for dissonance arousal
- aversive consequence (negative/punishment)
- personal responsibility (free choice, foreseeability)
-feel arousal, label it as negative - attribute arousal to inconsistency
