Module 6 Flashcards
What is split brain
A surgery that cuts the axon between the two hemispheres (corpus callosum)
Why would someone have split brain surgery? What are the consequences?
To stop seizure. The hemispheres can no longer communicate (perception, language)
What side of the body starts acting on it’s own when the hemispheres are split?
the left
what is hemispheric specialization?
The idea that each hemisphere has separate functions
if the left visual field is shown an image in a split brain person would they be able to tell you what the image is?
No. The left side of the brain process language
What does denett’s video teach
consciousness is the result of several processes in the brain that can operate independently and interact with one another depending on what the task demands.
define consciousness content
subjective experience of internal and external world
define state of consciousness
refers to different levels of arousal and attention
define attention
the process of selecting information from the internal and external environments to prioritize for processing.
when you hear a loud noise in a quiet room, it is likely that you will immediately stop what you are doing and search for the source of the noise. What is this called
a. attention
b. passive attention
c. active attention
b. passive attention
what is active attention?
when attention is directed by goals and top-down processing
define selective attention.
occurs when you attend to one source of information while simultaneously ignoring other stimuli.
define stimulus salience
some stimuli capture attention due to physical properties (bright light in dim room, loud noise in quiet room)
when your attention is diverted from a salience of a stimulus this is called
A. SELECTIVE ATTENTION
B. ATTENTION DEFIANCE
C. ATTENTIONAL CAPTURE
C. ATTENTIONAL CAPTURE
What is the cocktail party effect?
an example of selective attention. a situation in where an individual suppresses other stimuli in an active environment to pay attention to the conversation
when a person is simultaneously doing two tasks at once this is known as
divided attention
automaticity is a type of
divided attention
define inattentional blindness
tendency to miss changes when attention is engaged elsewhere
what was Cortney and woods experiment?
City names and electrical shock
Experiments that use the flicker task are known as
intentional change detection
what is inhibition
the act of your brain zoning out other information to focus on a specific task
what is a subliminal stimuli
a sensory stimulus that is processed but does not reach the threshold for conscious perception
French music played in a liquor store, people were more likely to purchase French wine than German wine; however, if the music in the store was recognizably German, patrons purchased German wine more often. What type of processing is occuring
a. internal processing
b. external processing
c. subconscious processing
d. subliminal processing
c. subconscious processing
subliminal processing vs subconscious process
things that cannot be picked up quickly enough to process vs stimulus that affect our actions without noticing
difference between inattentional blindness and change blindness
Inattentional blindness – not change blindness – explains a person’s failure to notice it because the average person is not actively looking for it. (If you were actively looking for it and still missed it, this would be change blindness instead).
what is fatal familial insomnia
rare hereditary disease affecting the thalamus, which causes individuals to die from lack of sleep.
what are Electroencephalograms (EEGs) electrooculograms , and electromyograms
measure activity across the surface of the brain,
are used to measure the movements of your eyes as you sleep
are used to measure the tension in the muscles of the jaw
beta waves
irregular, mostly low amplitude, waves that occur with a frequency of 13–30 Hz
brain waves that appear on EEG when person is awake and activley processing something
also appears during rem
alpha activity
look far more regular and predictable and occur at 8–12 Hz.
quietly resting
theta waves
(3.5–7.5 Hz)
person is deeply relaxed/falling asleep
what are sleep spindles? what are the correlated with?
occur roughly two to five times per minute during the non-REM stages of sleep
a higher IQ/memory consolidation
what are k complexes? what stage do they occur? what happens if woken up? what is it preparing for?
they occur during stage 2 burst of activity on EEG
If woken up during this stage you would have no idea you fell asleep
preparing for delta waves
when does slow-wave sleep (SWS)
occurs after 15-20 minutes after onset of stage 2
delta activity? Hz? amplitude? what happens if you wake up?
Delta is easily recognizable, consisting of slow (less than 4 Hz), regular, high-amplitude waves.
Only a strong stimulus will wake you, and you will feel groggy and confused upon waking.
what stages are considered no rem sleep
1, 2, SWS
at what time does the brain change dramtically
30 minutes
1 hour
45 minutes
25 minutes
45 minutes of slow wave sleep we go into REM
what happens during REM? what do EEG look like?
eye begin to move side to side under eyelid.
look similar to us awake
Studies suggest that we generally become paralyzed during REM sleep, a phenomenon known as
REM sleep antonia
is it easier to wake up during REM or Slow wave sleep (SWS)
REM
what stage of sleep are we dreaming those storyline sleeps
REM
whats insomnia
inability to fall asleep or stay asleep
define sleep hygiene
behavioral practice that promote sleep
define Conditioned insomnia
cues that are associated with falling asleep cause anxiety and inability to sleep
idiopathic insomnia
child onset insomnia, begins in childhood and is experienced through adulthood.
resistant to treatment
hypersomnia
characterized by excessive sleepiness
caused by poor sleep quality
sleep apnea
person stops breathing in night causing them to wake up multiple times a night
narcolepsy
rare genetic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by several symptoms, most notably a sudden and extreme need to sleep.
cataplexy
muscle weakness or, in some circumstances, complete paralysis during waking hours associated with narcolepsy
(hypnagogic hallucinations) vs (hypnopompic hallucinations)
before sleeping vs before waking
REM sleep behavior disorder
inability of brain to paralyze itself during sleep
somnambulism
complex behavior’s during SWS like driving walking
define biological clocks
they prepare the body for daily, seasonal and annual rythms
define circadian rhythms
body clock that dictates sleep wake cycle
define zeitgebers
cues from the environment that set biological clock
jet lag
when you travel to a different time zone and body is out of sync with external world
what is the suprachiasmatic nucleus
next to optic chiasm which sets the body’s circadian clock
whats a psychoactive drug
substances that influence mood, thoughts, or behavior (not including food)
drug tolerance
the increase tolerability of a specific drug
alcohol influences
depressant
inhibits glutamate (memory)
increases effctiveness GABA (relax)
increase dopamine (reward)
what do barbiturates do?
cause sedation and sleep
benzodiazepine
highly addictive
what are stimulants
rugs that increase the activity of the nervous system
caffein blocks what neurotransmitter? is it a depressant or stimulant
adenosine. depressant
nictoine
stimulate acetcholyine
release dopamine
improves cognitive task functions
