module 6

Question 1

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 1

The structure of ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups. ATP is commonly referred to as the “energy currency” of the cell, as it provides readily releasable energy in the bond between the second and third phosphate groups. = for storing and transferring energy in cells.

Question 2

anabolic

Answer 2

describes a metabolic pathway which builds up or synthesizes complex molecules from simpler ones; requires energy input

Question 3

catabolic

Answer 3

describes a metabolic pathway in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones; releases energy as an additional product of the reaction

Question 4

thermodynamics

Answer 4

the study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter; the science of the relationships between heat, energy, and work

Question 5

metabolism

Answer 5

requires anabolic and catabolic pathways

Question 6

The second law of thermodynamics

Answer 6

The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of any isolated system always increases.

Question 7

The first law of thermodynamics

Answer 7

The first law, also known as Law of Conservation of Energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system.

Question 8

The third law of thermodynamics

Answer 8

The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero.

Question 9

exergonic reactiom

Answer 9

An exergonic process is one which there is a positive flow of energy from the system to the surroundings. - a chemical reaction where the change in the free energy is negative

Question 10

endergonic reaction

Answer 10

(also called a heat absorbing nonspontaneous reaction or an unfavorable reaction) is a chemical reaction in which the standard change in free energy is positive, and an additional driving force is needed to perform this reaction.

Question 11

thermodynamics reaction coupling

Answer 11

A chemical reaction having a common intermediate in which energy is transfered from one side of the reaction to the other.

Question 12

enzymes

Answer 12

lower activation energy of the reaction but do no change the free energy of the reaction

Question 13

enzymes

Answer 13

proteins (can be denatured) speed up chemical reactions (catalyst) lower activation energy for a reaction, specific for their substrate, are not used up in a reaction/ recyclable

Question 14

enzymes

Answer 14

biological catalysts, most are proteins

Question 15

substrate

Answer 15

reactants in the reaction

Question 16

active site

Answer 16

place on the enzyme that the substrate finds

Question 17

inhibition

Answer 17

turning reaction off

Question 18

enzymes work best

Answer 18

when they have vitamins and minerals to work with in the body

Question 19

Gibbs free energy

Answer 19

energy that is available to do work; abbreviated with the letter G

Question 20

consumers

Answer 20

an organism that obtains energy and nutrients by feeding on other organisms or their remains.

Question 21

chemical potential energy

Answer 21

type of potential energy that exists within chemical bonds and is released when those bonds are broken

Question 22

producers

Answer 22

organisms that produce their own food