module 5 Flashcards
Solvent
able to dissolve other substances. - the liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution. A solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid.
solute
a substance dissolved in another to form a solution
solution
a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent).
solution concentration
the quantity of a solute that is contained in a particular quantity of solvent or solution.
concentration gradient
a distance across which there is a difference in concentration of a single substance; an area of high concentration adjacent to an area of low concentration
plasma membrane
flexible, dynamic, constantly in flux. mostly made of phospholipids - fluid- also made of proteins. it carries markers that allow cells to recognize one another. its selectively permeable and has fatty acid tails and phosphate heads.
membrane transport rules
must be small, hydrophonoc/nonpoler, water. can’t be big, or charged
passive transport
molecules flow from high to low. reguires no energy
active transport
molecules flow from low to high. requires energy. going up against the concentration gradient.
hypertonic
describes a solution in which extracellular fluid has higher concentration than the fluid inside the cell
hypotonic
describes a solution in which extracellular fluid has lower concentration than the fluid inside the cell
isotonic
describes a solution in which the extracellular fluid has the same concentration as the fluid inside the cell
osmolarity
the total amount of substances dissolved in a specific amount of water; an expression of solution concentration
Osmosis and water flow across membrane
selectively permeable
