module 4

Question 1

relative cell size

Answer 1

At 0.1 5.0 μm indiameter, prokaryotic cells are significantly smaller than eukaryotic cells, which have diameters ranging from 10–100 μm. The small size of prokaryotes
allows ions and organic molecules that enter them
to quickly spread to other parts of the cell.
Similarly, any wastes produced within a prokaryotic cell
can quickly move out. However, larger eukaryotic cells have evolved different structural adaptations to enhance cellular transport. Indeed, the large size of these
cells would not be possible without these adaptations. In general, cell size is limited because volume increases much more quickly than does cell surface area.

Question 2

cells

Answer 2

all have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, dna, and ribosomes.

Question 3

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle - tiny

Question 4

eukaryotic cells

Answer 4

a cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and several other membrane-bound compartments or sacs

Question 5

endomembrane system

Answer 5

the group of organelles and membranes in eukaryotic cells that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins

Question 6

plant cells

Answer 6

have a cell wall, cytoplasm, a nucleus, Often have chloroplasts containing chlorophyll.

Question 7

animal cells

Answer 7

Have no chloroplasts, Have only small vacuoles, Often irregular in shape, Do not contain plastids.

Question 8

Organelles of eukaryotic cells

Answer 8

have a nucleus, Mitochondrion, Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER), Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER), Golgi apparatus, Peroxisome, Lysosome

Question 9

nucleus function

Answer 9

dna storage

Question 10

mitocondrian function

Answer 10

energy producing

Question 11

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

lipid production, detoxification

Question 12

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

protein production, in particular for export out of the cell

Question 13

golgi apparatus

Answer 13

protein modification and export

Question 14

peroxisome

Answer 14

lipid destruction, contains oxidative enzymes

Question 15

lysosome

Answer 15

protein destruction