Module 5.1 - Communication and Homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

(MA) What are the advantages of being an ectotherm?

A
  • less food used in respiration
  • need less food
  • more energy used for growth
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2
Q

(MA) What are the disadvantages to being an ectotherm?

A
  • less active in cold

- winter months

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3
Q

(MA) What are the advantages of being endothermic?

A
  • can maintain body temperature despite external conditions

- can be active in colder conditions

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4
Q

(MA) What are the disadvantages of being an endotherm?

A
  • a large portion of energy intake is needed to maintain body temperature in cold
  • more food required
  • less energy from food used for growth
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5
Q

(MA) Describe what endotherms do when they get too hot.

A
  • peripheral thermoreceotirs in skin stimulated by change in external temperature
  • impulses sent to hypothalamus
  • vasodilation of arterioles to increase heat loss
  • by conduction/radiation
  • decreased metabolic rate/respiration in liver
  • to generate less heat
  • sweating/panting - evaporation to remove heat from skin
  • hair muscles cause hairs to lie flat, no insulating air trapped, heat can radiate more easily to the surroundings
  • example of negative feedback
  • behavioural responses: go to shade, larger SA for heat loss, less active
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6
Q

(MA) Describe what endotherms do when they get too cold.

A
  • peripheral thermoreceptors in skin stimulated by change in external temperature
  • impulses sent to hypothalamus
  • vasoconstriction of arterioles to reduce heat loss
  • by radiation/conduction
  • increased metabolic rate/respiration in liver
  • to generate heat
  • release of adrenaline
  • rapid contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles to shiver to generate heat
  • hair muscles cause hairs to cause hairs to stand up, trap a layer of insulating air to prevent heat loss by conduction
  • example of negative feedback
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