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BMA SEMSTER ONE > module 5 - spinal cord > Flashcards

module 5 - spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

where does the spinal cord begin and end ?

A

begin - foramen magnum (L1-L2)

ends - conus medullar

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2
Q

segments of cervical spine

A

c1 - c8

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3
Q

segments of thoracic spine

A

T1 - T12

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4
Q

segments of lumbar spine

A

L1 - L5

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5
Q

segments of sacral spine

A

S1 - S5

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6
Q

what do spinal nerves contain

A

axons of sensory and motor neurons

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7
Q

what do dorsal roots contain

A

axons of sensory neurons

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8
Q

what does a dorsal root ganglion contain

A

cell bodies of sensory neurons

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9
Q

what do ventral roots contain

A

axons of motor neurons

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10
Q

are sensory neurons unipolar or multipolar

A

unipolar

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11
Q

are motor neurons unipolar or multipolar

A

multipolar

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12
Q

how are nerve roots connected

A

by caudal equina

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13
Q

what are spinal meninges function

A
  • extend beyond spinal cord
  • protects spinal cord
  • includes epidural space
  • includes subarachnoid space
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14
Q

functions of neural tissue

A
  • receives and processes sensory input
  • conducts sensory input to brain
  • conducts motor output from brain
  • produces somatic and autonomic reflex responses
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15
Q

function of posterior dorsal neural tissue

A

receives and processes sensory input

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16
Q

function of anterior ventral neural tissue

A

receives and directs motor output

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17
Q

what is grey matter composed of

A
  • neuron cell bodies

- unmyelinated axons + neuroglia

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18
Q

how is grey matter divided

A

into grey horns

  • posterior (dorsal) grey horns
  • lateral grey horns
  • anterior (ventral) grey horns
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19
Q

what is the grey commissure

A

connects the two grey matter halves and the site where axons cross from one side of CNS to another

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20
Q

sensory nuclei of the posterior grey horns

what it contains and its functions

A
  • contains the cell bodies of interneurons

- receives and processes incoming sensory input

21
Q

motor nuclei of the anterior grey horns

what it contains and its functions

A
  • contain the cell bodies of lower motor neurons
  • receives somatic motor output from:
  • primary motor cortex
  • reflex centres in spinal cord
  • directs motor output towards skeletal muscles
22
Q

motor nuclei of the lateral grey horns

what it contains and its functions

A
  • contain the cell bodies of preganglionic nerves

- receive autonomic motor output from the hypothalamus

23
Q

what is white matter composed of

A
  • mainly myelinated axons
24
Q

how is white matter subdivided

A

into columns

  • posterior (dorsal) white columns
  • lateral white columns
  • anterior (ventral) white columns
25
how are axons within white columns organised
- ascending tracts | - descending tracts
26
what information does ascending tracts conduct
sensory input
27
what information do descending tracts conduct
motor output
28
ascending tracts - Fasciculus Gracilius | white column location and info conducted
- posterior white column - fine touch - vibration - pressure - proprioception (concious)
29
ascending tracts - Fasciculus Cuneatus | white column location and info conducted
- Lateral white column - pain - temp
30
ascending tracts - Anterior and Posterior Spinocerebellar | white column location and info conducted
- lateral white columns | - unconcious proprioception
31
ascending tracts - anterior spinothalamic | white column location and sensory info conducted
- Anterior white columns - crude touch - pressure
32
descending tracts - lateral corticospinal tracts | white column location and motor info conducted
- lateral white columns | - somatic motor to control skeletal muscle of libs
33
descending tracts - anterior (central) corticospinal tracts | white column location and motor output conducted
- anterior white columns | - somatic motor output that controls skeletal muscles of axial = neck and trunk
34
describe somatosensory pathways
- convey general sensory information from receptors : - skin - muscular - tendons - joints - involve 1st, 2nd and 3rd order neurons
35
first order neurons
conducts sensory input | - from receptors to spinal cord and up to brain stem
36
second order neurons
(interneurons) conducts sensory input | - to thalamus or cerebellum
37
third order neurons
(interneurons) conducts sensory input | - to primary somatosensory cortex
38
somatosensory pathways - posterior column pathway
tract: ascending fasciculus and cuneatus tracts location: posterior white columns neurons: 1st order from brain stem 2nd synapses with 3rd which synapses in thalamus and extends to primary somatosensory cortex sensory info : - fine touch - pressure - vibration - proprioception
39
somatosensory pathways - spinothalamic pathway
TRACT: ascending lateral spinothalamic tract LOCATION: lateral + anterior white column NEURONS: 1st from recptor - sensory nucleus posterior grey horn which synapses with 2nd which synapses with thalamus which synapses with the 3rd which synapses in the primary somatosensory pathway SENSORY INFO: - pain - temp - crude touch - pressure
40
somatosensory pathways - spinocerebellar pathway
TRACT: ascending spinocerebellar tract LOCATION: lateral white columns NEURONS: 1st receptor - sensory nucleus of posterior grey horns synapses with cerebellum SENSORY INFO: - unconscious proprioception
41
somatosensory pathways - corticospinal pathway ascending (lateral)
TRACT: ascending spinocerebellar tract LOCATION: lateral white columns NEURONS: upper motor neurons P.M.C - SC in motor nucleus in anterior grey horn INFO: skeletal muscle of limbs
42
somatosensory pathways - corticospinal pathway descending (anterior)
TRACT: descending anterior corticospinal tract LOCATION: lateral white column NEURONS: lower motor neurons: motor nucleus in anterior G.H in ventral root - skeletal muscle INFO: skeletal muscles of axial = head, neck ,trunk
43
define somatic reflexes
rapid and involuntary activation of skeletal muscles in response to stimulus - involves lower motor neurons
44
patellar reflex
stimulus: tap patellar tendon normal response: extension at knee spinal seg: L2-L4
45
bicep reflex
stimulus: tap to biceps branchi tendon normal response: flexion at elbow spinal seg: C5-C6
46
triceps reflex
stimulus: tap triceps bronchi tendon normal response: extension at elbow spinal seg: C6-C7
47
Abdominal reflexes
stimulus: stroking normal response: contraction spinal seg: - T12
48
Plantar reflex
stimulus: stroking of lateral side of ole of foot normal response: curling of toes >1 spinal seg: L4 - S2

BMA SEMSTER ONE (11 decks)

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