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BMA SEMSTER ONE > module 5 - spinal cord > Flashcards

module 5 - spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

where does the spinal cord begin and end ?

A

begin - foramen magnum (L1-L2)

ends - conus medullar

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2
Q

segments of cervical spine

A

c1 - c8

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3
Q

segments of thoracic spine

A

T1 - T12

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4
Q

segments of lumbar spine

A

L1 - L5

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5
Q

segments of sacral spine

A

S1 - S5

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6
Q

what do spinal nerves contain

A

axons of sensory and motor neurons

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7
Q

what do dorsal roots contain

A

axons of sensory neurons

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8
Q

what does a dorsal root ganglion contain

A

cell bodies of sensory neurons

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9
Q

what do ventral roots contain

A

axons of motor neurons

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10
Q

are sensory neurons unipolar or multipolar

A

unipolar

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11
Q

are motor neurons unipolar or multipolar

A

multipolar

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12
Q

how are nerve roots connected

A

by caudal equina

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13
Q

what are spinal meninges function

A
  • extend beyond spinal cord
  • protects spinal cord
  • includes epidural space
  • includes subarachnoid space
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14
Q

functions of neural tissue

A
  • receives and processes sensory input
  • conducts sensory input to brain
  • conducts motor output from brain
  • produces somatic and autonomic reflex responses
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15
Q

function of posterior dorsal neural tissue

A

receives and processes sensory input

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16
Q

function of anterior ventral neural tissue

A

receives and directs motor output

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17
Q

what is grey matter composed of

A
  • neuron cell bodies

- unmyelinated axons + neuroglia

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18
Q

how is grey matter divided

A

into grey horns

  • posterior (dorsal) grey horns
  • lateral grey horns
  • anterior (ventral) grey horns
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19
Q

what is the grey commissure

A

connects the two grey matter halves and the site where axons cross from one side of CNS to another

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20
Q

sensory nuclei of the posterior grey horns

what it contains and its functions

A
  • contains the cell bodies of interneurons

- receives and processes incoming sensory input

21
Q

motor nuclei of the anterior grey horns

what it contains and its functions

A
  • contain the cell bodies of lower motor neurons
  • receives somatic motor output from:
  • primary motor cortex
  • reflex centres in spinal cord
  • directs motor output towards skeletal muscles
22
Q

motor nuclei of the lateral grey horns

what it contains and its functions

A
  • contain the cell bodies of preganglionic nerves

- receive autonomic motor output from the hypothalamus

23
Q

what is white matter composed of

A
  • mainly myelinated axons
24
Q

how is white matter subdivided

A

into columns

  • posterior (dorsal) white columns
  • lateral white columns
  • anterior (ventral) white columns
25
Q

how are axons within white columns organised

A
  • ascending tracts

- descending tracts

26
Q

what information does ascending tracts conduct

A

sensory input

27
Q

what information do descending tracts conduct

A

motor output

28
Q

ascending tracts - Fasciculus Gracilius

white column location and info conducted

A
  • posterior white column
  • fine touch
  • vibration
  • pressure
  • proprioception (concious)
29
Q

ascending tracts - Fasciculus Cuneatus

white column location and info conducted

A
  • Lateral white column
  • pain
  • temp
30
Q

ascending tracts - Anterior and Posterior Spinocerebellar

white column location and info conducted

A
  • lateral white columns

- unconcious proprioception

31
Q

ascending tracts - anterior spinothalamic

white column location and sensory info conducted

A
  • Anterior white columns
  • crude touch
  • pressure
32
Q

descending tracts - lateral corticospinal tracts

white column location and motor info conducted

A
  • lateral white columns

- somatic motor to control skeletal muscle of libs

33
Q

descending tracts - anterior (central) corticospinal tracts

white column location and motor output conducted

A
  • anterior white columns

- somatic motor output that controls skeletal muscles of axial = neck and trunk

34
Q

describe somatosensory pathways

A
  • convey general sensory information from receptors :
  • skin
  • muscular
  • tendons
  • joints
  • involve 1st, 2nd and 3rd order neurons
35
Q

first order neurons

A

conducts sensory input

- from receptors to spinal cord and up to brain stem

36
Q

second order neurons

A

(interneurons) conducts sensory input

- to thalamus or cerebellum

37
Q

third order neurons

A

(interneurons) conducts sensory input

- to primary somatosensory cortex

38
Q

somatosensory pathways - posterior column pathway

A

tract: ascending fasciculus and cuneatus tracts
location: posterior white columns

neurons: 1st order from brain stem
2nd synapses with 3rd which synapses in thalamus and extends to primary somatosensory cortex

sensory info :

  • fine touch
  • pressure
  • vibration
  • proprioception
39
Q

somatosensory pathways - spinothalamic pathway

A

TRACT: ascending lateral spinothalamic tract

LOCATION: lateral + anterior white column

NEURONS: 1st from recptor - sensory nucleus posterior grey horn
which synapses with 2nd
which synapses with thalamus
which synapses with the 3rd which synapses in the primary somatosensory pathway

SENSORY INFO:

  • pain
  • temp
  • crude touch
  • pressure
40
Q

somatosensory pathways - spinocerebellar pathway

A

TRACT: ascending spinocerebellar tract

LOCATION: lateral white columns

NEURONS: 1st receptor - sensory nucleus of posterior grey horns
synapses with cerebellum

SENSORY INFO:

  • unconscious proprioception
41
Q

somatosensory pathways - corticospinal pathway ascending (lateral)

A

TRACT: ascending spinocerebellar tract

LOCATION: lateral white columns

NEURONS: upper motor neurons
P.M.C - SC in motor nucleus in anterior grey horn

INFO: skeletal muscle of limbs

42
Q

somatosensory pathways - corticospinal pathway descending (anterior)

A

TRACT: descending anterior corticospinal tract

LOCATION: lateral white column

NEURONS: lower motor neurons: motor nucleus in anterior G.H in ventral root - skeletal muscle

INFO: skeletal muscles of axial = head, neck ,trunk

43
Q

define somatic reflexes

A

rapid and involuntary activation of skeletal muscles in response to stimulus
- involves lower motor neurons

44
Q

patellar reflex

A

stimulus: tap patellar tendon

normal response: extension at knee

spinal seg: L2-L4

45
Q

bicep reflex

A

stimulus: tap to biceps branchi tendon

normal response: flexion at elbow

spinal seg: C5-C6

46
Q

triceps reflex

A

stimulus: tap triceps bronchi tendon

normal response: extension at elbow

spinal seg: C6-C7

47
Q

Abdominal reflexes

A

stimulus: stroking

normal response: contraction

spinal seg: - T12

48
Q

Plantar reflex

A

stimulus: stroking of lateral side of ole of foot

normal response: curling of toes >1

spinal seg: L4 - S2

BMA SEMSTER ONE (11 decks)

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