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Reviewer Histology Lecture > Module 5 Nervous tissue Part 1 > Flashcards

Module 5 Nervous tissue Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

True or false

All the nerve tissues found in the body
belong to the Nervous System

A

True

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2
Q

Nervous system three major functions

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Integration
  3. Motor
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3
Q

Monitors internal & external
environment through presence of
receptors

A

Sensory

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4
Q

Interpretation of sensory
information

A

Integration

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5
Q

Response to information processed
through stimulation of
effectors

A

Motor

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6
Q

Two Anatomical Divisions of Nervous system

A
  1. Central nervous system (CNS)
  2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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7
Q

Central nervous system (CNS) consist of

A

Brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

Brain and spinal cord contains of

A

nerve cells-neuron
Supporting cells- neuroglia

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9
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of

A

All the neural tissue outside of the CNS

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10
Q

Transmit impulse from PNS to CNS

A

Afferent division (sensory input)

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11
Q

Transmit impulse from CNS out to PNS

A

Efferent division (motor output)

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12
Q

2 types of efferent division

A
  1. Somatic nervous system
  2. Autonomic nervous system
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13
Q

Small group of nerves outside the CNS

A

Ganglia

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14
Q

Two types of nerve cells in nervous system

A
  1. Neurons or nerve cell
  2. Neuroglia or glial cell
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15
Q

Two types of nerve cells in nervous system

A
  1. Neurons or nerve cell
  2. Neuroglia or glial cell
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16
Q

Processing, transfer, and storage of information

A

Neurons or Nerve cell

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17
Q

Support, regulation & protection of neurons

A

Neuroglia or Glial cell

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18
Q

Neuron structure

A
  1. Dendrite
  2. Cell body or perikaryon
  3. Axon
  4. Synaptic terminal
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19
Q

Are the elongated processes extending from
perikaryon

A

Dendrite

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20
Q

Specialized to receive stimuli from other neurons
synapse

A

Dendrite

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21
Q

Consists of nucleus and most of cell organelles
except cell processes

A

Cell body or perikaryon

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22
Q

Serve as trophic center for all the neurons

A

Cell body or perikaryon

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23
Q

With large euchromatic nucleus with well developed nucleolus.

A

Cell body or perikaryon

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24
Q

contains Nissl substance or Nissl bodies which are
large masses of polysomes and Rough endoplasmic reticulum indicative of high rate protein synthesis

A

Cell body or perikaryon

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25
Q

Are large masses of polysomes and Rough endoplasmic reticulum indicative of high rate protein synthesis

A

Nissl substance or Nissl bodies

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26
Q

A single long process ending at synapses

A

Axon

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27
Q

Specialized to generate and conduct nerve impulses to other cells

A

Axon

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28
Q

Covered with myelin sheath

A

Axon

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29
Q

Axon End has many small branches called

A

telodendria

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30
Q

end is knob like structure that forms part of
synapse connection with other neuron

A

Axon

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31
Q

Unique sites in the neuron that send stimuli

A

Synaptic terminal/synapse

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32
Q

Axons surrounded by
myelin sheath

A

Myelinated axons

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33
Q

presence of myelin speeds
up the transmission of
action potentials along the
axon

A

Myelin sheath

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34
Q

unmyelinated gaps left when
myelin laid down in segments
(internodes) along the axon

A

Nodes of ranvier

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35
Q

area where neuron communicates
with another cell ( muscle cell, another
neuron attached or close to it)

A

Synapse

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36
Q

At the synapse there are

A
  1. Pre-synaptic cell
  2. Post- synaptic cell
  3. Synaptic cleft
  4. Synaptic knob
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37
Q

It is the neuron that sends
message

A

Pre-synaptic cell

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38
Q

It is the cell that receives
message

A

Post-synaptic cell

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39
Q

small gap that separates pre- synaptic membrane
and post-synaptic membrane

A

Synaptic cleft

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40
Q

expanded portion of axon of presynaptic
neuron

A

Synaptic knob

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41
Q

contain vesicles of neurotransmitters

A

Synaptic knob

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42
Q

chemical messengers released at presynaptic
membrane

A

Neurotransmitters

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43
Q

bind to receptors of postsynaptic membrane are
broken down by enzymes are reassembled at
synaptic knob for use in case of another impulse

A

Neurotransmitters

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44
Q

Classifications of neurons

A
  1. Structural classification
  2. Functional classification
45
Q

based on number of processes
coming off of the cell body

A

Structural classification

46
Q

4 structural classification

A
  1. Anaxonic neurons
  2. Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neuron
  3. Bipolar neuron
  4. Multipolar neuron
47
Q

no anatomical clues to
determine axons from
dendrites

A

Anaxonic neurons

48
Q

Anaxonic neurons functions are

A

unknown

49
Q

single process coming off
cell body

A

Unipolar
(pseudounipolar) neuron

50
Q

giving rise to dendrites (at one end) & axon (making up rest of process)

A

Unipolar
(pseudounipolar) neuron

51
Q

two processes coming off cell
body – one dendrite & one axon

A

Bipolar

52
Q

only found in eye, ear & nose

A

Bipolar

53
Q

Example of where bipolar can be found

A

cells of retina,
vestibular & cochlear
ganglia

54
Q

multiple dendrites & single
axon

A

Multipolar

55
Q

it is the most common type neuron

A

Multipolar

56
Q

Example of multipolar neuron

A

motor nerve cells of
ventral gray matter of
spinal cord & brain stem

57
Q

based on type of information & direction of info
transmission

A

Functional classification

58
Q

3 Functional classification

A
  1. Sensory (afferent) neurons
  2. Motor (efferent) neurons
  3. Association (interneurons)
59
Q

transmit information from receptors of PNS
to CNS

A

Sensory (afferent) neurons

60
Q

most sensory neurons are unipolar, few are bipolar

A

Sensory (afferent) neurons

61
Q

transmit motor information from CNS to effectors
(muscles/glands/adipose tissue) in periphery of body

A

Motor (efferent) neurons

62
Q

all are multipolar

A

Motor (efferent) neurons
Association (interneurons)

63
Q

transmit information between neurons within CNS;
analyze inputs, coordinate outputs

A

Association (interneurons)

64
Q

most common type of neuron (
20 billion)

A

Association (interneurons)

65
Q

4 Neuron Doctrine

A
  1. An independent anatomic unit
  2. Neuron is physiological unit
  3. Neuron is a genetic or developmental unit
  4. Nerve cell is a trophic (to nourish) unit
66
Q

consisting of an axon and dendrites , no physical
continuity

A

An independent anatomic unit

67
Q

Only thru neurons are impulse detected

A

Neuron is physiological unit

68
Q

A neuroblast gives rise to single nerve cell & its
processes

A

Neuron is a genetic or developmental unit

69
Q

once axon is severed, distal portion degenerates
while the proximal part survives & regenerate since its still attached to & nourished by the cell body

A

Nerve cell is a trophic (to nourish) unit

70
Q

Axons of Neurons tend to group together into

A

Organized bundle

71
Q

Organized bundle

A

1.Nerves in PNS
2. Tracts/pathways in the CNS

72
Q

Most axons surrounded by

A

Myelin sheath

73
Q

White matter are

A

Myelinated

74
Q

Gray matter are

A

unmyelinated

75
Q

Cell bodies of neurons are

A

clustered together

76
Q

Clustered together

A
  1. Ganglia in the PNS
  2. Nuclei/centers in the CNS
77
Q

support neuronal survival and
activities

A

Glial cells

78
Q

More abundant in the mammalian brain
than neurons

A

Glial cells

79
Q

CNS, has very small amount of……..and……….glial cells served as re3placement for the cells of the
connective tissues in some aspects

A

connective tissue and collagen

80
Q

4 types of CNS neuroglia

A
  1. Astrocytes or Astroglia
  2. Oligodendrocytes/ Oligodendroglia
  3. Microglia or Mesoglia
  4. Ependymal cells
81
Q

2 types of PNS neuroglia

A
  1. Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes)
  2. Satellite cells
82
Q

o largest with numerous radiating processes
o Star shaped with central nuclei
o Unique and the most number of glial cells in CNS

A

Astrocytes/Astroglia

83
Q

3 types of Astrocytes

A
  1. Fibrous astrocytes
  2. Protoplasmic astrocytes
  3. Glial fibrillary acid protein
84
Q

are astrocytes with long
processes and found in the white matter

A

Fibrous astrocytes

85
Q

are astrocytes with shorter
processes and mostly found in the gray matter

A

Protoplasmic astrocytes-

86
Q

made the bundle of
intermediate filaments and served as unique marker for astrocytes since astrocytes are the most common source of brain tumor

A

Glial fibrillary acid protein

87
Q

create supportive framework for neurons

A

Astrocytes/Astroglia

88
Q

create “blood-brain barrier” called glial limiting
membrane

A

Astrocytes/Astroglia

89
Q

monitor & regulate interstitial fluid surrounding
neurons, movement of nutrients, water and
metabolites between neurons and blood vessels

A

Astrocytes/Astroglia

90
Q

o stimulate formation of scar tissue secondary to CNS
injury

A

Astrocytes/Astroglia

91
Q

o Guiding and supporting movements and locati9ns of
developing neurons in the CNS

A

Astrocytes/Astroglia

92
Q

o With less processes and Shorter than other
neuroglia

A

Oligodendrocytes/ Oligodendroglia

93
Q

create
myelin sheath around axons that serve as
insulator of neurons in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes/ Oligodendroglia

94
Q

Extend sheetlike processes – the myelin sheath,
that surrounds parts of several axons

A

. Oligodendrocytes/ Oligodendroglia

95
Q

Most common glial cells in the white matter ( color
is due to the lipid concentrated in the membrane
wrapped sheaths

A

. Oligodendrocytes/ Oligodendroglia

96
Q

Microscopically seen as small cells with rounded,
condensed nuclei over unstained cytoplasm

A

. Oligodendrocytes/ Oligodendroglia

97
Q

o Small phagocytic type, mesodermal in origin
o Small cells with short processes distributed
evenly in the gray and white mater
o Resembles inactive fibroblast

A

Microglia/Mesoglia

98
Q

“brain macrophages”, phagocytize cellular
wastes & pathogens together with neutrophils

A

. Microglia/Mesoglia

99
Q

Nuclei of microglial cells can be identified
using Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, observe
their small dense, elongated structure
compared with the lightly stained nuclei of
other glial cells

A

. Microglia/Mesoglia

100
Q

o Cuboidal or columnar cells lining the cavities of
CNS
o line ventricles of brain & central canal of spinal
cord

A

Ependymal cells

101
Q

Joined apically with junctional complexes like
in Epithelial cells but it has no basal lamina

A

Ependymal cells

102
Q

Ependymal cells in
Embryo????
Adult?????

A

Embryo: ciliated
o Adult: some are ciliated

103
Q

produce, monitor & help circulate CSF

A

Ependymal cells

104
Q
  • surround all axons of neurons in PNS creatingneurilemma around them
A

Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes

105
Q

Neurilemma allows for potential regeneration
of damaged axons

A

. Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes

106
Q

creates myelin sheath around most axons of
PNS- one Schwann cell forms myelin sheath in
one segment of an axon

A

. Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes

107
Q
  • Serve as covering for
    the large neuronal cell
    bodies in the ganglia of
    PNS
A

Satellite cells

108
Q
  • support groups of cell
    bodies of neurons w/in
    ganglia of PNS with
    insulation, nutrition and
    regulation of their
    environment
A

Satellite cells

Reviewer Histology Lecture (4 decks)

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